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Volume 11
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10.3390/app11052207
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Article

Municipal Wastewater: A Sustainable Source for the Green Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris Biomass Production

by
Diana Pacheco
1,2,
A. Cristina S. Rocha
1,2,
Analie Garcia
3,
Ana Bóia
1,
Leonel Pereira
1,2,* and
Tiago Verdelhos
1,2
1
Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE-UC), Incubadora de Empresas da Figueira da Foz, Parque Industrial e Empresarial da Figueira da Foz (Laboratório MAREFOZ), University of Coimbra, Rua das Acácias Lote 40A, 3090-380 Figueira da Foz, Portugal
2
Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
3
National Higher School in Environment, Georesources and Sustainable Development Engineering (ENSEGID), 1 allée Fernand Daguin, 33600 Pessac, France
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(5), 2207; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11052207
Submission received: 28 January 2021 / Revised: 18 February 2021 / Accepted: 1 March 2021 / Published: 3 March 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Algae as a Nutritional and Bioactive Biomass)
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Abstract

The need to reduce the costs associated with microalgae cultivation encouraged scientific research into coupling this process with wastewater treatment. Thus, the aim of this work was to assess the growth of Chlorella vulgaris (Chlorophyta) in different effluents from a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), namely secondary effluent (SE) and sludge run-off (SR). Assays were performed, under the same conditions, in triplicate with 4 dilution ratios of the wastewaters (25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) with the standard culture medium bold basal medium double nitrated (BBM2N) as a control. The capability of C. vulgaris for biomass production, chlorophyll synthesis and nutrients removal in the SE and SR was evaluated. The 25% SE and 25% SR showed increased specific growth rates (0.47 and 0.55 day−1, respectively) and higher biomass yields (8.64 × 107 and 1.95 × 107 cells/mL, respectively). Regarding the chlorophyll content, the 100% SR promoted the highest concentration of this pigment (2378 µg/L). This green microalga was also able to remove 94.8% of total phosphorus of SE, while in 50% SR, 31.2% was removed. Removal of 73.9% and 65.9% of total nitrogen in 50% and 100% SR, respectively, was also observed. C. vulgaris growth can, therefore, be maximized with the addition of municipal effluents, to optimize biomass production, while cleansing the effluents.
Keywords: microalgae cultivation; biomass production; nutrient removal; wastewater treatment; bioactive compounds microalgae cultivation; biomass production; nutrient removal; wastewater treatment; bioactive compounds

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MDPI and ACS Style

Pacheco, D.; Rocha, A.C.S.; Garcia, A.; Bóia, A.; Pereira, L.; Verdelhos, T. Municipal Wastewater: A Sustainable Source for the Green Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris Biomass Production. Appl. Sci. 2021, 11, 2207. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11052207

AMA Style

Pacheco D, Rocha ACS, Garcia A, Bóia A, Pereira L, Verdelhos T. Municipal Wastewater: A Sustainable Source for the Green Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris Biomass Production. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11(5):2207. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11052207

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pacheco, Diana, A. Cristina S. Rocha, Analie Garcia, Ana Bóia, Leonel Pereira, and Tiago Verdelhos. 2021. "Municipal Wastewater: A Sustainable Source for the Green Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris Biomass Production" Applied Sciences 11, no. 5: 2207. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11052207

APA Style

Pacheco, D., Rocha, A. C. S., Garcia, A., Bóia, A., Pereira, L., & Verdelhos, T. (2021). Municipal Wastewater: A Sustainable Source for the Green Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris Biomass Production. Applied Sciences, 11(5), 2207. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11052207

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