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Article

Determination of Zenith Angle Dependence of Incoherent Cosmic Ray Muon Flux Using Smartphones of the CREDO Project

by
Michał Karbowiak
1,
Tadeusz Wibig
1,*,
David Alvarez Castillo
2,
Dmitriy Beznosko
3,
Alan R. Duffy
4,
Dariusz Góra
5,
Piotr Homola
5,
Marcin Kasztelan
6 and
Michał Niedźwiecki
7
1
Faculty of Physics and Applied Informatics, University of Lodz, Pomorska 149/153, 90-236 Łódź, Poland
2
Bogoliubov Laboratory for Theoretical Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie Str. 6, 141980 Dubna, Russia
3
Department of Chemistry and Physics, Clayton State University, 2000 Clayton State Blvd, Morrow, GA 30260, USA
4
Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
5
The Henryk Niewodniczański Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
6
Astrophysics Division, National Centre for Nuclear Research, 28 Pułku Strzelców Kaniowskich 69, 90-558 Łódź, Poland
7
Department of Information and Communications Technology, Faculty of Computer Science and Telecommunications, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24st, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(3), 1185; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11031185
Submission received: 5 January 2021 / Revised: 13 January 2021 / Accepted: 15 January 2021 / Published: 28 January 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Cosmic Rays and Their Impact on Human Activities)
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Abstract

The Cosmic-Ray Extremely Distributed Observatory (CREDO) was established to detect and study ultra high-energy cosmic ray particles. In addition to making use of traditional methods for finding rare and extended cosmic ray events such as professional-grade Extensive Air Shower (EAS) arrays, as well as educational ‘class-room’ detectors, CREDO also makes use of cameras in smartphones as particle detectors. Beyond the primary scientific goal of the CREDO project, to detect Cosmic Ray Ensembles, is the equally important educational goal of the project. To use smartphones for EAS detection, it is necessary to demonstrate that they are capable of effectively registering relativistic charged particles. In this article, we show that the events recorded in the CREDO project database are indeed tracing incoherent cosmic ray muons. The specific observed distribution of zenith angle of charged particle direction corresponds to that expected for muons. It is difficult, if not impossible, to imagine different mechanisms leading to such a distribution, and we believe it clearly demonstrates the suitability of smartphone-based detectors in supporting the more traditional cosmic ray detectors.
Keywords: cosmic rays; Extensive Air Showers; particle detectors; Cosmic Ray Ensembles cosmic rays; Extensive Air Showers; particle detectors; Cosmic Ray Ensembles

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MDPI and ACS Style

Karbowiak, M.; Wibig, T.; Alvarez Castillo, D.; Beznosko, D.; Duffy, A.R.; Góra, D.; Homola, P.; Kasztelan, M.; Niedźwiecki, M. Determination of Zenith Angle Dependence of Incoherent Cosmic Ray Muon Flux Using Smartphones of the CREDO Project. Appl. Sci. 2021, 11, 1185. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11031185

AMA Style

Karbowiak M, Wibig T, Alvarez Castillo D, Beznosko D, Duffy AR, Góra D, Homola P, Kasztelan M, Niedźwiecki M. Determination of Zenith Angle Dependence of Incoherent Cosmic Ray Muon Flux Using Smartphones of the CREDO Project. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11(3):1185. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11031185

Chicago/Turabian Style

Karbowiak, Michał, Tadeusz Wibig, David Alvarez Castillo, Dmitriy Beznosko, Alan R. Duffy, Dariusz Góra, Piotr Homola, Marcin Kasztelan, and Michał Niedźwiecki. 2021. "Determination of Zenith Angle Dependence of Incoherent Cosmic Ray Muon Flux Using Smartphones of the CREDO Project" Applied Sciences 11, no. 3: 1185. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11031185

APA Style

Karbowiak, M., Wibig, T., Alvarez Castillo, D., Beznosko, D., Duffy, A. R., Góra, D., Homola, P., Kasztelan, M., & Niedźwiecki, M. (2021). Determination of Zenith Angle Dependence of Incoherent Cosmic Ray Muon Flux Using Smartphones of the CREDO Project. Applied Sciences, 11(3), 1185. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11031185

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