A Durability Prediction Method for Historical Square Rebar Reinforced Concrete Buildings
Abstract
:Featured Application
Abstract
1. Introduction
- The durability prediction method of the current China standard is structured on “target service life” which is dependent on the current durability design codes and current construction technology [18,21]. However, a precise definition of “target service life” for historical RC structures has not been established in history; hence, the durability prediction relied on the current China standard cannot be employed directly.
- Compared with the current level of the construction industry, the materials properties and construction techniques in history were backward [22]; thus, historical RC buildings cannot satisfy all of the current standards’ durability design criteria. Accordingly, numerous elements and indexes from the current standards are inaccurate and unreliable for assessing the historical RC buildings.
- The theoretical models and experiments in the standard [18] are all designed for round rebar components; however, according to the existing studies, the structural configuration design [23], the bond-slip behavior between rebar and concrete [24] and the rebar corrosion induced cracking model [25] for square rebar cases are very different from the round rebar cases.
2. The Durability Prediction Method and Research Method
2.1. The Durability Prediction Method
2.2. Research Method
2.3. Research Significance and Novelties
- Fundamentally, the proposed durability prediction method accomplishes the issue that there has been no applicable and reliable method of durability evaluation for historical square rebar RC buildings.
- The durability prediction calculation methods for a single concrete component focus on the historical concrete and square rebar components. It considers the poor properties of the historical concrete and the different models of corrosion-induced cover cracking between square rebar and round rebar.
- The proposed important analysis method is improved from the existing theory on the realistic application, which is more accurate and efficient. The inclusion of the finite element model also enhances the efficiency of the evaluation works of the building.
- GB/T 51,355 standard fosters the engineers or workers to choose a limited number of structural members to represent the status of the entire structure; however, the selection is performed randomly or inaccurately only depending on the experience. The proposed method ranks the structural members according to importance, which can reduce the potential human error and improve the reliability of the durability evaluation. Additionally, the component importance ranking is highly valuable and practical for the renovations and conservations of historic buildings that have aesthetic parts as colorful drawings and patterns. When feasible, the ranks can guide engineers to reinforce only the essential components rather than all components; hence, allowing the original paintings and patterns on the components to be preserved.
3. The Method for Determination of Critical Components
3.1. The Components Importance Analysis
3.2. The Finite Element Method for Components Importance Analysis
3.3. The Ranks of the Components
4. The Durability Prediction Calculation Methods for Square Rebar Components
4.1. The Time before Rebar Corrosion
4.2. The Time from Corrosion Initiation to Concrete Cover Cracking
4.3. Corrosion-Induced Cover Cracking Experiments for Square Rebar Component
4.4. Experimental Results
4.5. The Calculation Method of the Critical Corrosion Depth of Square Rebar
4.6. The Durability Prediction Calculation Methods for the Square Rebar Component
5. Applications of the Proposed Method
5.1. Two Typical Historical Square Rebar Reinforced Concrete Buildings
5.2. Results of Component Importance Analysis of the Two Buildings
5.3. The Durability Prediction Results of the Two Buildings
5.4. The Reliability and Applicability of the Proposed Method
5.4.1. The Conservativeness of the Proposed Method
5.4.2. The Origin of the Proposed Calculation Methods for Single Component
5.4.3. The Realistic Evaluations of the Two Cases
The Songfengge Building
The Main Hall of the Tomb of Yu
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Element Ranking Percentage | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Component ranks | Critical Components | Important Components | Ordinary Components | Secondary Components |
1 Cases | Items | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2 Concrete Average Compressive Strength/MPa | 2 Average Thickness of Concrete Cover/mm | 2 Concrete Average Measured Carbonation Depth/mm | ||||
Column | Beam | Column | Beam | Column | Beam | |
Main Hall of the Tomb of Yu (1933) | 15.7 | 15.4 | 40 | 41 | 33 | 40 |
No.1 Building of Zhongshan East Road (1935) | 12.4 | 11.7 | 34 | 27 | 62 | 65 |
Dahua Cinema (1931) | 15.6 | 17.8 | 33 | 34 | 63 | 40 |
Dacheng Factory (1935) | 17.0 | 22.9 | 35 | 34 | 45 | 40 |
Main Hall of Nanjing Museum (1937) | 18.0 | 23.2 | 34 | 35 | 43 | 49 |
Huangpu Hall of Jiangsu Conference Center (1931) | 14.7 | 17.6 | 35 | 33 | 45 | 54 |
Former site of overseas Chinese Hostel (1933) | 16.5 | 14.8 | 30 | 28 | 58 | 62 |
Lingyuan Post Office (1947) | 14.0 | 17.4 | 40 | 38 | 55 | 45 |
Former site of National Art Museum (1925) | 14.4 | 17.1 | 35 | 33 | 60 | 71 |
Former site of the Ordnance Special School of the National Revolutionary Army (1932) | - | 17.2 | - | 25 | - | 55 |
Former site of Young Men’s Christian Association (1946) | 10.4 | - | 38 | - | 47 | - |
Former site of Central Radio Equipment Co., Ltd. (1946) | - | 12.2 | - | 32 | - | 40 |
Specimen | 1 /mm | c /mm | Crack Width /mm | Critical Corrosion Depth/mm | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Test Value | 2 Equation (10) | 2 Equation (11) | 2 Equation (12) | 2 Equation (13) | Equation (14) | ||||||||||
Value | 3 Error/% | Value | 3 Error/% | Value | 3 Error/% | Value | 3 Error/% | Value | 3 Error/% | ||||||
A1 | 16 | 36 | 14.7 | 0.1 | 0.0642 | 0.0573 | −10.6 | 0.0260 | −59.5 | 0.0285 | −55.6 | 0.0159 | −75.2 | 0.08552 | 33.26 |
A2 | 16 | 38 | 14.9 | 0.1 | 0.0900 | 0.0590 | −34.4 | 0.0264 | −70.6 | 0.0297 | −67.0 | 0.0170 | −81.1 | 0.09084 | 0.98 |
A3 | 16 | 40 | 15.6 | 0.1 | 0.1093 | 0.0611 | −44.1 | 0.0256 | −76.6 | 0.0308 | −71.8 | 0.0182 | −83.3 | 0.09677 | −11.47 |
A4 | 16 | 42 | 15.8 | 0.1 | 0.0951 | 0.0628 | −34.0 | 0.0261 | −72.6 | 0.0320 | −66.3 | 0.0193 | −79.7 | 0.10210 | 7.42 |
A5 | 16 | 44 | 15.2 | 0.1 | 0.1134 | 0.0638 | −43.8 | 0.0285 | −74.9 | 0.0332 | −70.8 | 0.0201 | −82.3 | 0.10647 | −6.12 |
B1 | 22 | 36 | 14.3 | 0.1 | 0.0639 | 0.0496 | −22.3 | 0.0225 | −64.8 | 0.0228 | −64.3 | 0.0109 | −83.0 | 0.06006 | −5.96 |
B2 | 22 | 38 | 14.8 | 0.1 | 0.0652 | 0.0512 | −21.6 | 0.0219 | −66.5 | 0.0236 | −63.8 | 0.0118 | −82.0 | 0.06436 | −1.33 |
B3 | 22 | 40 | 15.6 | 0.1 | 0.0673 | 0.0529 | −21.4 | 0.0206 | −69.4 | 0.0245 | −63.6 | 0.0128 | −81.0 | 0.06902 | 2.56 |
B4 | 22 | 42 | 16.2 | 0.1 | 0.0715 | 0.0545 | −23.8 | 0.0198 | −72.3 | 0.0253 | −64.6 | 0.0137 | −80.8 | 0.07344 | 2.70 |
B5 | 22 | 44 | 14.7 | 0.1 | 0.0860 | 0.0543 | −36.8 | 0.0241 | −71.9 | 0.0262 | −69.6 | 0.0139 | −83.8 | 0.07534 | −12.41 |
Names | Durability Assessment Time/Years | c /mm | fcu,e /MPa | /mm | Durability Prediction by GB/T 51,355/Years | Durability Prediction by the Proposed Method/Years | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
* Part 1 | * Part 2 | Total | * Part 1 | * Part 2 | Total | |||||
Songfengge Building | 86 | 34 | 22.5 | 24 | 47 | 53 | 100 | 43 | 60 | 103 |
Main Hall of the Tomb of Yu | 78 | 40 | 15.7 | 25 | 49 | 25 | 74 | 46 | 30 | 76 |
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Jin, H.; Chun, Q.; Zhang, C.; Han, Y. A Durability Prediction Method for Historical Square Rebar Reinforced Concrete Buildings. Appl. Sci. 2021, 11, 11737. https://doi.org/10.3390/app112411737
Jin H, Chun Q, Zhang C, Han Y. A Durability Prediction Method for Historical Square Rebar Reinforced Concrete Buildings. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11(24):11737. https://doi.org/10.3390/app112411737
Chicago/Turabian StyleJin, Hui, Qing Chun, Chengwen Zhang, and Yidan Han. 2021. "A Durability Prediction Method for Historical Square Rebar Reinforced Concrete Buildings" Applied Sciences 11, no. 24: 11737. https://doi.org/10.3390/app112411737
APA StyleJin, H., Chun, Q., Zhang, C., & Han, Y. (2021). A Durability Prediction Method for Historical Square Rebar Reinforced Concrete Buildings. Applied Sciences, 11(24), 11737. https://doi.org/10.3390/app112411737