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Applied Sciences
Volume 11
Issue 18
10.3390/app11188674
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Review

Titanium Dioxide-Based Photocatalysts for Degradation of Emerging Contaminants including Pharmaceutical Pollutants

by
Rafal Krakowiak
1,
Joanna Musial
2,
Paweł Bakun
1,
Marcin Spychała
3,
Beata Czarczynska-Goslinska
4,
Dariusz T. Mlynarczyk
1,
Tomasz Koczorowski
1,
Lukasz Sobotta
5,
Beata Stanisz
2 and
Tomasz Goslinski
1,*
1
Chair and Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
2
Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
3
Department of Hydraulic and Sanitary Engineering, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Piatkowska 94A, 60-649 Poznan, Poland
4
Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
5
Chair and Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(18), 8674; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11188674
Submission received: 30 July 2021 / Revised: 31 August 2021 / Accepted: 14 September 2021 / Published: 17 September 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Anatase Chemistry, Nanostructures and Functionalities‎)
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Abstract

Contamination of the environment has been a growing problem in recent years. Due to the rapid growth in human population, the expansion of cities, along with the development of industry, more and more dangerous chemicals end up in the environment, especially in soil and water. For the most part, it is not possible to effectively remove chemicals through traditional remediation techniques, because those used in treatment plants are not specifically designed for this purpose. Therefore, new approaches for water remediation are in great demand. Many efforts have been focused on applications of photocatalysis for the remediation of chemical pollutants including drugs. Titanium(IV) oxide nanoparticles have particularly been considered as potential photocatalysts due to their favorable properties. In this article, we present the problem of emerging contaminants including drugs and discuss the use of photocatalysts based on titanium(IV) oxide nanoparticles for their degradation. A wide selection of materials, starting from bare TiO2, via its hybrid and composite materials, are discussed including those based on carbonaceous materials or connections with macrocyclic structures. Examples of photodegradation experiments on TiO2-based materials including those performed with various active pharmaceutical ingredients are also included.
Keywords: catalysts; degradation; pharmaceuticals; pollutants; titanium(IV) oxide catalysts; degradation; pharmaceuticals; pollutants; titanium(IV) oxide

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MDPI and ACS Style

Krakowiak, R.; Musial, J.; Bakun, P.; Spychała, M.; Czarczynska-Goslinska, B.; Mlynarczyk, D.T.; Koczorowski, T.; Sobotta, L.; Stanisz, B.; Goslinski, T. Titanium Dioxide-Based Photocatalysts for Degradation of Emerging Contaminants including Pharmaceutical Pollutants. Appl. Sci. 2021, 11, 8674. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11188674

AMA Style

Krakowiak R, Musial J, Bakun P, Spychała M, Czarczynska-Goslinska B, Mlynarczyk DT, Koczorowski T, Sobotta L, Stanisz B, Goslinski T. Titanium Dioxide-Based Photocatalysts for Degradation of Emerging Contaminants including Pharmaceutical Pollutants. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11(18):8674. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11188674

Chicago/Turabian Style

Krakowiak, Rafal, Joanna Musial, Paweł Bakun, Marcin Spychała, Beata Czarczynska-Goslinska, Dariusz T. Mlynarczyk, Tomasz Koczorowski, Lukasz Sobotta, Beata Stanisz, and Tomasz Goslinski. 2021. "Titanium Dioxide-Based Photocatalysts for Degradation of Emerging Contaminants including Pharmaceutical Pollutants" Applied Sciences 11, no. 18: 8674. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11188674

APA Style

Krakowiak, R., Musial, J., Bakun, P., Spychała, M., Czarczynska-Goslinska, B., Mlynarczyk, D. T., Koczorowski, T., Sobotta, L., Stanisz, B., & Goslinski, T. (2021). Titanium Dioxide-Based Photocatalysts for Degradation of Emerging Contaminants including Pharmaceutical Pollutants. Applied Sciences, 11(18), 8674. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11188674

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