Natural Dietary and Medicinal Plants with Anti-Obesity Therapeutics Activities for Treatment and Prevention of Obesity during Lock Down and in Post-COVID-19 Era
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Obesity
4. Obesity and COVID-19
5. Medicinal Plants and Obesity
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
References
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Plant | Plant Family | Key Point | References |
---|---|---|---|
Acosmium dasycarpum (Vog.) Yakovlev (Unha D/anta) | Fabaceae | It is a Brazilian medicinal plant known as “Unha D/anta”, especially found in the Cerrado (Brazilian Savanna) area. | [133] |
Ascomium dasycarpum promoted metabolic syndrome; its root bark clearly ameliorates triglycerides; it has beneficial impacts on adiposity and weight reduction. | [133] | ||
Allium cepa L. (Onion) | Amaryllidaceae | Onion peel extract meaningfully reduced the lipids of 3T3-L1 cells and restricted lipid accumulation by decreasing the expression of lipogenesis-related genes, with impressive anti-obesity impacts. | [134] |
Aloe barbadensis Miller (Aloe vera) | Asphodelaceae | Aloe vera gel application regulated adipose tissue accumulation in obese rats. | [135] |
Aloe vera gel regulated the dyslipidemia as well as oxidative stress in obese rats. | [135] | ||
Amorphophallus konjac K. Koch (Konjac) | Araceae | It has positive impacts on prevention and treatment of obesity because of its components konjak and glucomannan. | [136] |
Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch (Artemisia) | Asteraceae | Its polysaccharide fractions prevent obesity. | [137,138] |
Betula utilis (Himalayan birch) | Betulaceae | Betula utilis bark is rich in pentacyclic triterpenoids thus it can be considered for management of overweight and associated comorbidities. | [139] |
Bupleuri Radix (Chaihu) | Apiaceae | Bupleuri Radix extract (BupE) increased HFD-induced lipid disorders through FGF21 signaling pathway. | [140] |
BupE reversed obesity-related changes in structure and function of gut microbial communities. | [140] | ||
Butea monosperma (Sacred Tree) | Fabaceae | Its flower extract can normalize the weight gain parameters. | [141] |
Caralluma fimbriata | Apocynaceae | Application with C. fimbriata extract while controlling overall dietary intake and physical activity may be useful in curbing central obesity, and the key component of metabolic syndrome. | [142] |
Corchorus olitorius L. (Nalta jute) | Malvaceae | Molokhia leaf extract ameliorated guy dysbiosis and high-fat diet-induced obesity. | [143] |
Cuminum cyminum L. (Cumin) | Apiaceae | It contains essential fatty acids, flavonoids, volatile oils, etc., and may have influence on weight and other anthropometric indices in obese and overweight people. | [144] |
Carum carvi L. (Caraway) | Apiaceae | Cumin promoted anthropometric and metabolic indices in overweight and type 2 diabetic subjects. | [145,146] |
As a traditional medicine, it may attenuate body mass index, body fat percentage, and body weight loss. | [147] | ||
Cyclopia spp. (Honeybush) | Fabaceae | It has been used as the herbal tea (honeybush), which shows anti-obesity effects, especially by targeting adipose tissue. | [148] |
Cynara scolymus L. (Artichoke) | Asteraceae | Artichoke has tremendous potency as anti-obese agent. | [149] |
Cynometra cauliflora Linn. (Nam-nam) | Fabaceae | It can be used for obesity management. | [150] |
Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. (Suo Yang) | Cynomoriaceae | HCY2, a triterpenoid-enriched extract of Cynomorri Herba treat obesity via the regulation of AMPK/PGC1 pathways. | [151] |
Echium angustifolium Mill. | Boraginaceae | It can be considered as the potent candidate for oxidative stress, diabetes, and obesity. | [152] |
OBE100 and OBE104 are natural Eu extracts which are rich in pentacyclic triterpenes, and can be used to combat obesity and diabetes, and treatment with OBE100 had better effects than OBE104. | [153] | ||
Garcinia cambogia (Garcinia) | Clusiaceae | Garcinia cambogia and Glucomannan decrease weight, alter body composition, regulate lipid and glucose blood profiles in overweight/obese patients. | [154] |
Gnidia glauca (Fres.) Gilg (Fish Posion Bush) | Thymelaeaceae | It may reduce the body weight, organ weights, anthropometric indices, organo-somatic indices, the total fat content, adiposity index, atherogenic index, and various lipid profiles. | [155] |
Ganoderma lucidum sensu stricto (Mushroom of immortality) | Ganodermataceae | It has shown anti-obesity effects. | [155,156] |
Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (Roselle) | Malvaceae | Cholesterol and triglycerides levels indicated non-significant reductions in animals treated with Hibiscus sabdariffa, with its anti-obesity effect. | [157] |
Ilex paraguariensis (Yerba mate) | Aquifoliaceae | After treatment with Ilex paraguariensis, a drop in respiratory quotient (RQ) was observed, revealing a rise in the proportion of fat oxidized. | [158] |
Justicia carnea Lindl. (The Brazilian plume flower) | Acanthaceae | The methanolic leaf extract of Justicia carnea is a rich natural source of antioxidant and anti-obesity agents which could be optimized for development of new anti-obesity drugs. | [159] |
Juniperus communis L. (Common Juniper) | Cupressaceae | It is an indigenous plant with significant in vitro anti-obesity impacts in adipocytes differentiation. | [160] |
Ligustrum robustum Blume | Oleaceae | In Chinese folk medicine, its leaves are used in the treatment of obesity and hyperlipidemia, and its anti-obesity impact was associated with up-regulation of leptin. | [161] |
Lobelia chinensis lour (Asian lobelia) | Campanulaceae | Polysaccharide from Lobelia chinensis lour is an insulin-type fructan with Mw of 2.6 kDa that indicated the potential of anti-obesity effect in HFD-induced mice. | [162] |
Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc. (Horse gram) | Fabaceae | Macrotyloma uniflurom formulation may increase the activity of enzymatic superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and non-enzymatic antioxidants and could be applied in treatment and prevention of fat-induced oxidative stress and inflammation. | [163] |
Mangifera indica Linn. (Mango) | Anacardiaceae | Its anti-obesity activity may be mediated partially via pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity and partially through reduction in food intake and improvement of antioxidant status. | [164] |
Melissa officinalis L. (Lemon balm) | Labiatae | The herbal extract ALS-L1023 may block visceral obesity, and also decreases the increased fasting blood glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, and pancreatic dysfunction seen in female obese mice. | [165] |
Memecylon umbellatum Burm. f. (Ironwood) | Melastomataceae | The oral administration of methanolic extract in mice may decrease hyperglycemia, triglycerides, body weight, and ameliorates insulin resistance. | [166] |
Moringa oleifera Lam. (Drumstick tree) | Moringaceae | Its extract up-regulated adiponectin gene expression in obese rats relative, and down-regulated mRNA expression of leptin and resistin. | [167] |
Traditionally, M. oleifera leaves considered as anti-obesity herbal medicine. | [168] | ||
Its oil extract is considered to have cholesterol-lowering properties and a potential to treat obesity, while lycopene is a potent antioxidant. | [169] | ||
Moringa peregrine (Forssk.) Fiori. | Moringaceae | Its bark and leaf extracts revealed potential anti-obesity and hepatoprotective activity through reduced lipid absorption, anti-hyperlipidemic impacts, and hepatic antioxidant effects. | [170] |
Morus alba L. (Common mulberry) | Moraceae | The inhibitory impacts of mulberry on digestive enzymes and adipocyte differentiation, and its stimulatory influences on energy expenditures, and lipid metabolism may have a role in obesity regulation. | [171] |
Nigella sativa L. (Fennel flower) | Ranunculaceae | It shows a moderate impact on reduction in body mass index and body weight. | [172] |
Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz (Kyaung shar) | Bignoniaceae | Oroxylin A, chrysin and baicalein were suppressed lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and PL enzyme. | [173] |
Oroxylin A and chrysin also suppressed PPARγ and C/EBPα, main adipogenic transcription factors, in 3T3L-1 preadipocytes during adipogenesis process at 50 μM dose. | [173] | ||
Passiflora edulis Sims (Passion fruit) | Passifloraceae | Passiflora edulis peel flour could be considered as an adjuvant to control of early parameters in obesity dysfunction. | [174] |
Pilosocereus gounellei (F.A.C. Weber) Byles and G.D. Rowley | Cactus | Its stem extract enhanced serum lipid profile of the animals, lessened atherogenic indices, liver steatosis, epididymal fat, and pro-inflammatory cytokines. | [175] |
Piper nigrum L. (Black pepper) | Piperaceae | Piperine was separated from methanolic extract of Piper nigrum seeds, which may have suppressed role in body weight, increase insulin and leptin sensitivity, ultimately leading to balance obesity. | [176] |
Populus balsamifera L. (Balsam poplar) | Salicaceae | It has been known as a culturally adapted therapeutic approach for the treatment and care of diabetes and obesity. | [177] |
Psidium guajava L. (Common guava) | Myrtaceae | Guava leaves promoted the vascular dysfunction in obese mice, and its application may have a positive effect on metabolic functions in obese mice. | [178] |
Salacia chinensis L. (Chinese salacia) | Celastraceae | It is generally regarded that Saptrangi and Salacia chinensis-loaded gold nanoparticles ameliorate body weight, adipose index, resistin, inflammatory markers and AMPKα1, liver marker enzymes, leptin, and lipid profile. | [179] |
Salvia hispanica L. (Chia) | Lamiaceae | Chia oil increased glucose metabolism and it has revealed potential to protect against the development of obesity-related diseases. | [180] |
Salvia officinalis L. (Common sage) | Lamiaceae | Common sage provides novel natural treatments for the relief or cure of obesity. | [181] |
Smilax china L. (Baqia) | Smilaceae | Smilax china L. polyphenols may be applied as a potential candidate to prevent obesity. | [182] |
Smilax glabra Roxb. (Glabrous greenbrier) | Smilaceae | Smilax glabra rhizome may change the anti-obesity constraints in high-fat diet and obese diabetes in animal models. | [183] |
Solenostemma argel Hayne | Apocynaceae | Argel is a promising Egyptian natural substitute, as it is rich in pregnane glycosides. | [184] |
TabebuiaavellanedaeLorentz ex Griseb | Bignoniaceae | The n-BuOH extract of Taheebo prohibited ovariectomy-induced obesity and reduce fat mass in ovariectomized mice. | [185] |
Tinospora cordifolia (Thunb.) Miers. | Menispermaceae | It was discovered to be efficacious in regulating body weight in a high-fat diet (HFD)-fed rats by keeping energy metabolism and cellular homeostasis. | [186,187] |
Urtica dioica L. (Common nettle) | Urticaceae | It may decrease diet-induced weight gain and insulin resistance. | [188] |
Vaccinium arctostaphylos L. (Caucasian whortleberry) | Ericaceae | Vaccinium arctostaphylos berry may have antihypertensive influence, and significantly lowers systolic and diastolic blood pressures in overweight/obese hypertensive patients. | [189] |
Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (Winter cherry or poison gooseberry) | Solanaceae | Withaferin A (WFA) which is the principal component of Withania somnifera extract, restricted HFD-induced obesity, and regulated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in adipose tissue. | [190] |
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Sun, W.; Shahrajabian, M.H.; Cheng, Q. Natural Dietary and Medicinal Plants with Anti-Obesity Therapeutics Activities for Treatment and Prevention of Obesity during Lock Down and in Post-COVID-19 Era. Appl. Sci. 2021, 11, 7889. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11177889
Sun W, Shahrajabian MH, Cheng Q. Natural Dietary and Medicinal Plants with Anti-Obesity Therapeutics Activities for Treatment and Prevention of Obesity during Lock Down and in Post-COVID-19 Era. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11(17):7889. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11177889
Chicago/Turabian StyleSun, Wenli, Mohamad Hesam Shahrajabian, and Qi Cheng. 2021. "Natural Dietary and Medicinal Plants with Anti-Obesity Therapeutics Activities for Treatment and Prevention of Obesity during Lock Down and in Post-COVID-19 Era" Applied Sciences 11, no. 17: 7889. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11177889