An Analysis of Vulnerable Road Users Overtaking Maneuver along the Urban Road
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Driving Simulator
2.3. Experimental Setup
2.4. Experimental Procedure
2.5. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Descriptive Data
3.2. Effects of Interaction between Factors on Driver Behavior
3.3. Effects of Different Factors on Driver Behavior
3.3.1. Lane Width
3.3.2. Initial Speed of Vehicle
3.3.3. Types of Vulnerable Road Users
3.3.4. Location of Vulnerable Road Users on Shoulder
4. Discussion
4.1. Driver Behavior
4.2. Implications for Safety Systems and Automated Driving
4.3. Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Short Biography of Authors
| Manh Dung Vu received the B.E. and M.E. degrees in Automotive Engineering from Le Quy Don Technical University, Vietnam in 2010 and 2016, respectively. He is currently working towards the Doctor’s degree with the Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Nagoya University, Japan. His research interests are in the areas of Human Factors Engineering and its applications to the analysis and modeling of human behavior towards the personalization for advanced driver assistance system and automated driving. |
| Hirofumi Aoki received the B.S. degree from Waseda University in 1996, and the M.S., Ph.D. degrees from Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan in 1999, 2002, respectively. From 2004 till 2007, he had been in the Man-Vehicle Laboratory at MIT as a postdoctoral associate as well as postdoctoral fellow of the National Space Biomedical Research Institute. Then, he worked with Toyota Motor Corporation, where he did R&D of the advanced driver assistance systems. In 2014, he became a professor at the Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University. He received several scientific awards including the best scientific paper award in the ITS World Congress 2013 and the best paper award in IEEE-EmergiTech 2016. Dr. Aoki is a Certified Professional Ergonomist by Japan Ergonomics Society (JES), a member of IEEE ITS Society, and a board member of the Society of Automotive Engineers of Japan (JSAE). |
| Tatsuya Suzuki was born in Aichi, Japan, in 1964. He received the B.S., M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Electronic Mechanical Engineering from Nagoya University, Japan in 1986, 1988 and 1991, respectively. Currently, he is a Professor of the Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Vice Dean of Graduate School of Engineering, Executive Director of Global Research Institute for Mobility in Society (GREMO), Nagoya University. Dr. Suzuki won the best paper award in International Conference on Autonomic and Autonomous Systems 2017 and the outstanding paper award in International Conference on Control Automation and Systems 2008. He also won the journal paper award from IEEJ, SICE and JSAE in 1995, 2009 and 2010, respectively. His current research interests are in the areas of analysis and design of human-centric intelligent mobility systems, and integrated design of transportation and smart grid systems. Dr. Suzuki is a member of the SICE, ISCIE, IEICE, JSAE, RSJ, JSME, IEEJ and IEEE. |
| Sueharu Nagiri was born in Nagasaki, Japan in 1956. He received his B.S. degrees from Osaka Prefecture University in 1980.In April 1980, Mr. Nagiri joined Toyota Central R&D Labs, where he conducted research on preventive safety technologies, particularly the development of driving simulators and the use of these simulators to study drivers’ driving behavior. In March 2021, he moved from Toyota Central R&D Labs to Nagoya University, where he is conducting research on pedestrian, bicycle and car safety at the Institute of Innovation for Future Society. |
| Quy Hung Nguyen Van was born in Hanoi, Vietnam. He received a Ph.D. degree of Information Aided Technology in Controls Systems from Toyota Technological Institute, Japan in 2002. He is working at Higashi-Fuji Technical Center, Toyota Motor Corporation, Japan in the field of ADAS control systems. His current research interests include Human-Machine Interaction Controls, Driver Risk Perception Modelling, Driving Simulators, etc. |
| Shouji Itou is working at Higashi-Fuji Technical Center, Toyota Motor Corporation, Japan in the field of ADAS control systems. |
| Akira Hattori is working at Higashi-Fuji Technical Center, Toyota Motor Corporation, Japan in the field of ADAS control systems. |
Condition | Details | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Road | Lane width [m] | 3.0 | 3.5 | ||
Shoulder [m] | 0.75 | 1.0 | |||
SV | Initial speed [km/h] | 30 | 40 | 50 | 60 |
VRU | Type | Child | Adult | Cyclist | |
Location | On the edge near vehicle lane | In the middle of the shoulder | |||
OCV | Location | No | Far | Near |
Metrics | Type A | Type B | Type C | Type D |
---|---|---|---|---|
LPG [m] | 2.05 (0.57) | 1.41 (0.38) | 1.12 (0.32) | 0.98 (0.34) |
RMS | 0.62 (0.13) | 0.77 (0.17) | 0.89 (0.11) | 0.99 (0.04) |
Fixed Effects | LPG | RMS | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Type A | Type B | Type C | Type D | Type A | Type B | Type C | Type D | |
LW:Is:T:L | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
LW:Is:T | - | - | - | - | ** | - | - | - |
LW:T:L | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
LW:Is:L | - | - | - | - | - | * | - | - |
Is:T:L | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
LW:Is | *** | * | - | - | *** | - | *** | - |
T:L | - | - | - | * | - | * | - | - |
LW:T | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Is:L | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
LW:L | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Is:T | - | - | - | - | ** | - | - | - |
Type A | Type B | Type C | Type D | |
---|---|---|---|---|
LPG | ** | *** | - | **** |
RMS | *** | **** | * | - |
Type A | Type B | Type C | Type D | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
LPG | all | - | - | - | - |
RMS | 30–40 | - | ** | * | - |
30–50 | **** | **** | **** | - | |
30–60 | **** | **** | **** | * | |
40–50 | *** | * | **** | - | |
40–60 | *** | **** | **** | ** | |
50–60 | - | **** | **** | - |
Type A | Type B | Type C | Type D | |
---|---|---|---|---|
LPG | - | - | - | - |
RMS | - | - | - | - |
Type A | Type B | Type C | Type D | |
---|---|---|---|---|
LPG | ** | **** | **** | **** |
RMS | - | - | - | - |
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Vu, M.D.; Aoki, H.; Suzuki, T.; Nagiri, S.; Nguyen Van, Q.H.; Itou, S.; Hattori, A. An Analysis of Vulnerable Road Users Overtaking Maneuver along the Urban Road. Appl. Sci. 2021, 11, 6361. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11146361
Vu MD, Aoki H, Suzuki T, Nagiri S, Nguyen Van QH, Itou S, Hattori A. An Analysis of Vulnerable Road Users Overtaking Maneuver along the Urban Road. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11(14):6361. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11146361
Chicago/Turabian StyleVu, Manh Dung, Hirofumi Aoki, Tatsuya Suzuki, Sueharu Nagiri, Quy Hung Nguyen Van, Shouji Itou, and Akira Hattori. 2021. "An Analysis of Vulnerable Road Users Overtaking Maneuver along the Urban Road" Applied Sciences 11, no. 14: 6361. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11146361
APA StyleVu, M. D., Aoki, H., Suzuki, T., Nagiri, S., Nguyen Van, Q. H., Itou, S., & Hattori, A. (2021). An Analysis of Vulnerable Road Users Overtaking Maneuver along the Urban Road. Applied Sciences, 11(14), 6361. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11146361