Organic Wastes Amended with Sorbents Reduce N2O Emissions from Sugarcane Cropping
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Field Experiment
2.2. Poultry Litter and Amendments
2.3. Soil Analyses
2.4. Experimental Design
2.5. Sampling and Analysis of Greenhouse Gases
2.6. Soil Sampling and Analysis
2.7. Sugarcane Biomass
2.8. Laboratory Experiment
2.9. Data Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Field Experiment
3.1.1. Sugarcane Yield
3.1.2. Environmental Variables and Mineral Soil Nitrogen
3.1.3. Greenhouse Gas Emissions
3.1.4. Cumulative N2O Emissions and Emission Factors
3.2. Laboratory Experiment
4. Discussion
4.1. Emissions of N2O and Other Greenhouse Gases from the Field Experiment
4.2. Can Field Level Emissions Be Predicted with Laboratory Incubations?
4.3. Implications and Recommendations
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Treatment | NH4+-N (mg kg−1 Soil) | NO3−-N (mg kg−1 Soil) |
---|---|---|
no-N control | 4.98 ± 7.78 d | 0.62 ± 0.83 c |
Mineral (urea) fertiliser | 151 ± 216 a | 7.80 ± 10.10 a |
Poultry litter | 74.0 ± 153 b | 2.15 ± 3.71 b |
Poultry litter + bentonite | 75.2 ± 152 b | 1.63 ± 4.92 c |
Poultry litter + biochar | 14.1 ± 26.9 c | 1.07 ± 2.59 c |
Poultry litter + compost | 17.4 ± 52.8 c | 3.18 ± 8.86 b |
N Applied as | N Applied with | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Treatment | Fertiliser or Poultry Litter (kg ha−1) | Sorbent or Compost (kg ha−1) | Total N Applied (kg ha−1) | Total N2O-N Emissions (kg ha−1) | Emission Factor (% of Applied N) |
no-N control u | n/a | n/a | 0 | 0.84 ± 0.30 b | n/a |
Urea (UA) | 160 | n/a | 160 | 13.67 ± 6.82 a | 8.02 ± 4.26 |
Poultry litter (PL) | 160 | n/a | 160 | 11.67 ± 6.75 a | 6.77 ± 4.22 |
PL + bentonite (BE) | 160 | 1.83 | 162 | 9.74 ± 5.97 a | 5.50 ± 3.69 |
PL + biochar (BC) | 160 | 37.6 | 197 | 7.48 ± 3.73 a | 3.36 ± 1.89 |
PL + compost (CO) | 160 | 59.6 | 220 | 15.65 ± 10.21 a | 6.75 ± 4.65 |
Treatment | Cumulative N2O-N Emissions (mg kg−1) |
---|---|
Control | <0.01 ± 0.00 a |
Poultry litter | 0.40 ± 0.10 b |
Poultry litter + bentonite | 0.43 ± 0.10 b |
Poultry litter + biochar | 0.33 ± 0.05 b |
Poultry litter + compost | 1.16 ± 0.21 c |
Laboratory Incubation | Field Experiment | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Treatment | Cumulative CO2-C Emissions (mg kg−1) | Cumulative CH4-C Emissions (mg kg−1) | Cumulative CO2-C Emissions (kg ha−1) | Cumulative CH4-C Emissions (kg ha−1) |
Control | 64.4 ± 35.2 b | 353.1 ± 37.4 b | 5321 ± 154 b | 0.61 ± 0.11 ab |
Poultry litter | 563.1 ± 87.6 a | 853.1 ± 87.9 a | 7554 ± 743 a | 2.06 ± 0.96 a |
Poultry litter + bentonite | 572.9 ± 67.6 a | 862.7 ± 65.3 a | 6664 ± 554 ab | 2.75 ± 3.12 a |
Poultry litter + biochar | 601.9 ± 63.4 a | 881.6 ± 60.6 a | 7040 ± 1360 a | 1.19 ± 1.12 ab |
Poultry litter + compost | 646.2 ± 52.3 a | 921.2 ± 51.6 a | 7176 ± 1011 a | 1.56 ± 1.66 ab |
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Westermann, M.; Brackin, R.; Robinson, N.; Salazar Cajas, M.; Buckley, S.; Bailey, T.; Redding, M.; Kochanek, J.; Hill, J.; Guillou, S.; et al. Organic Wastes Amended with Sorbents Reduce N2O Emissions from Sugarcane Cropping. Environments 2021, 8, 78. https://doi.org/10.3390/environments8080078
Westermann M, Brackin R, Robinson N, Salazar Cajas M, Buckley S, Bailey T, Redding M, Kochanek J, Hill J, Guillou S, et al. Organic Wastes Amended with Sorbents Reduce N2O Emissions from Sugarcane Cropping. Environments. 2021; 8(8):78. https://doi.org/10.3390/environments8080078
Chicago/Turabian StyleWestermann, Maren, Richard Brackin, Nicole Robinson, Monica Salazar Cajas, Scott Buckley, Taleta Bailey, Matthew Redding, Jitka Kochanek, Jaye Hill, Stéphane Guillou, and et al. 2021. "Organic Wastes Amended with Sorbents Reduce N2O Emissions from Sugarcane Cropping" Environments 8, no. 8: 78. https://doi.org/10.3390/environments8080078