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Article

Rare Biosphere Archaea Assimilate Acetate in Precambrian Terrestrial Subsurface at 2.2 km Depth

by
Maija Nuppunen-Puputti
1,*,
Lotta Purkamo
2,
Riikka Kietäväinen
3,
Mari Nyyssönen
1,
Merja Itävaara
1,
Lasse Ahonen
3,
Ilmo Kukkonen
4 and
Malin Bomberg
1
1
VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., 02044 Espoo, Finland
2
School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9AL, UK
3
Geological Survey of Finland,02151 Espoo, Finland
4
Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Geosciences 2018, 8(11), 418; https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8110418
Submission received: 8 September 2018 / Revised: 27 October 2018 / Accepted: 8 November 2018 / Published: 13 November 2018
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Terra Incognita—Microbial Processes and Interactions in the Deep Biosphere)
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Abstract

The deep biosphere contains a large portion of the total microbial communities on Earth, but little is known about the carbon sources that support deep life. In this study, we used Stable Isotope Probing (SIP) and high throughput amplicon sequencing to identify the acetate assimilating microbial communities at 2260 m depth in the bedrock of Outokumpu, Finland. The long-term and short-term effects of acetate on the microbial communities were assessed by DNA-targeted SIP and RNA targeted cell activation. The microbial communities reacted within hours to the amended acetate. Archaeal taxa representing the rare biosphere at 2260 m depth were identified and linked to the cycling of acetate, and were shown to have an impact on the functions and activity of the microbial communities in general through small key carbon compounds. The major archaeal lineages identified to assimilate acetate and metabolites derived from the labelled acetate were Methanosarcina spp., Methanococcus spp., Methanolobus spp., and unclassified Methanosarcinaceae. These archaea have previously been detected in the Outokumpu deep subsurface as minor groups. Nevertheless, their involvement in the assimilation of acetate and secretion of metabolites derived from acetate indicated an important role in the supporting of the whole community in the deep subsurface, where carbon sources are limited.
Keywords: deep biosphere; stable isotope probing; carbon cycling; Methanosarcina; Methanococcus; Methanolobus; aceticlastic methanogenesis; ICDP deep biosphere; stable isotope probing; carbon cycling; Methanosarcina; Methanococcus; Methanolobus; aceticlastic methanogenesis; ICDP

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MDPI and ACS Style

Nuppunen-Puputti, M.; Purkamo, L.; Kietäväinen, R.; Nyyssönen, M.; Itävaara, M.; Ahonen, L.; Kukkonen, I.; Bomberg, M. Rare Biosphere Archaea Assimilate Acetate in Precambrian Terrestrial Subsurface at 2.2 km Depth. Geosciences 2018, 8, 418. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8110418

AMA Style

Nuppunen-Puputti M, Purkamo L, Kietäväinen R, Nyyssönen M, Itävaara M, Ahonen L, Kukkonen I, Bomberg M. Rare Biosphere Archaea Assimilate Acetate in Precambrian Terrestrial Subsurface at 2.2 km Depth. Geosciences. 2018; 8(11):418. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8110418

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nuppunen-Puputti, Maija, Lotta Purkamo, Riikka Kietäväinen, Mari Nyyssönen, Merja Itävaara, Lasse Ahonen, Ilmo Kukkonen, and Malin Bomberg. 2018. "Rare Biosphere Archaea Assimilate Acetate in Precambrian Terrestrial Subsurface at 2.2 km Depth" Geosciences 8, no. 11: 418. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8110418

APA Style

Nuppunen-Puputti, M., Purkamo, L., Kietäväinen, R., Nyyssönen, M., Itävaara, M., Ahonen, L., Kukkonen, I., & Bomberg, M. (2018). Rare Biosphere Archaea Assimilate Acetate in Precambrian Terrestrial Subsurface at 2.2 km Depth. Geosciences, 8(11), 418. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8110418

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