Hydrodynamic and Debris-Damming Failure of Bridge Decks and Piers in Steady Flow

Oudenbroek, Kevin; Naderi, Nader; Bricker, Jeremy D.; Yang, Yuguang; Van der Veen, Cor; Uijttewaal, Wim; Moriguchi, Shuji; Jonkman, Sebastiaan N.

doi:10.3390/geosciences8110409

Open AccessArticle

Hydrodynamic and Debris-Damming Failure of Bridge Decks and Piers in Steady Flow

by

Kevin Oudenbroek

¹,

Nader Naderi

¹,

Jeremy D. Bricker

^1,*,

Yuguang Yang

¹,

Cor Van der Veen

¹,

Wim Uijttewaal

¹,

Shuji Moriguchi

² and

Sebastiaan N. Jonkman

¹

Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, PO Box 5048, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands

²

International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 AzaAoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi Prefecture 980-8572, Japan

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Geosciences 2018, 8(11), 409; https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8110409

Submission received: 9 October 2018 / Revised: 31 October 2018 / Accepted: 5 November 2018 / Published: 9 November 2018

(This article belongs to the Special Issue River, Urban, and Coastal Flood Risk)

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Abstract

In countries with steep rivers, such as Japan and the United States, bridges fail on an annual basis. Bridges on spread footings are especially susceptible to failure by hydrodynamic loading, often exacerbated by debris damming. Here, such failures are investigated via small scale model laboratory experiments and full scale numerical simulations. In the laboratory, lift and drag forces and overturning moment on bridge decks, piers, and deck-pier systems, are measured and compared with threshold of failure criteria used in design guidelines. Effects of debris on lift, drag, and moment, as well as three-dimensional effects, are quantified. Via numerical simulations, flow patterns and free surface behaviour responsible for these forces are investigated, and described in a framework as a function of the water depth, flow speed, deck clearance, and girder height. Results show that current guidelines are non-conservative in some cases. Importantly, failure of both decks and piers can be prevented by strengthening pier-deck connections, or by streamlining decks.

Keywords: bridge; flood; drag; lift; computational fluid dynamics; load cell; force

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MDPI and ACS Style

Oudenbroek, K.; Naderi, N.; Bricker, J.D.; Yang, Y.; Van der Veen, C.; Uijttewaal, W.; Moriguchi, S.; Jonkman, S.N. Hydrodynamic and Debris-Damming Failure of Bridge Decks and Piers in Steady Flow. Geosciences 2018, 8, 409. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8110409

AMA Style

Oudenbroek K, Naderi N, Bricker JD, Yang Y, Van der Veen C, Uijttewaal W, Moriguchi S, Jonkman SN. Hydrodynamic and Debris-Damming Failure of Bridge Decks and Piers in Steady Flow. Geosciences. 2018; 8(11):409. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8110409

Chicago/Turabian Style

Oudenbroek, Kevin, Nader Naderi, Jeremy D. Bricker, Yuguang Yang, Cor Van der Veen, Wim Uijttewaal, Shuji Moriguchi, and Sebastiaan N. Jonkman. 2018. "Hydrodynamic and Debris-Damming Failure of Bridge Decks and Piers in Steady Flow" Geosciences 8, no. 11: 409. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8110409

APA Style

Oudenbroek, K., Naderi, N., Bricker, J. D., Yang, Y., Van der Veen, C., Uijttewaal, W., Moriguchi, S., & Jonkman, S. N. (2018). Hydrodynamic and Debris-Damming Failure of Bridge Decks and Piers in Steady Flow. Geosciences, 8(11), 409. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8110409

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Hydrodynamic and Debris-Damming Failure of Bridge Decks and Piers in Steady Flow

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