Sheep Farmers’ Perception of Welfare and Pain Associated with Routine Husbandry Practices in Chile
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. General Sociodemographic and Farm Information of Sheep Farmers
2.2. Routine Husbandry Practices
2.3. General Animal Welfare Perception
2.4. Farmers’ Perceptions of Pain during Routine Husbandry Procedures
2.5. Data Management and Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. General Sociodemographic and Farm Information of Sheep Farmers
3.2. Routine Husbandry Practices
3.2.1. Identification
3.2.2. Tail Docking
3.2.3. Castration
3.3. General Animal Welfare Perception
3.4. Sheep Farmers’ Perceptions of Pain during Routine Husbandry Procedures
4. Discussion
4.1. Sheep Farmers and Routine Husbandry Practices’ Description
4.2. Sheep Farmers’ Perceptions of Animal Welfare and Pain
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Frequency | Percentage |
---|---|---|
Age (years) | ||
18–32 | 25 | 15.8 |
33–47 | 64 | 38.8 |
48–62 | 48 | 29.1 |
≥ 63 | 26 | 15.8 |
Educational level | ||
Elementary 1 | 57 | 34.5 |
Secondary 2 | 34 | 20.6 |
Technical | 21 | 12.7 |
Professional | 37 | 22.4 |
No schooling | 7 | 4.2 |
Flock size | ||
≤ 50 | 60 | 36.4 |
51–200 | 33 | 20 |
201–500 | 10 | 6.1 |
501–1000 | 6 | 3.6 |
≥ 1001 | 44 | 26.7 |
Farm size (ha) | ||
≤ 50 | 57 | 34.5 |
51–1000 | 40 | 24.2 |
1001–5000 | 13 | 7.9 |
5001–10,000 | 12 | 7.3 |
≥10,001 | 13 | 7.9 |
Husbandry Practice | Mode | Median | Range |
---|---|---|---|
Castration | 10 | 10 | 2–10 |
Hoof trimming | 0 | 2 | 0–10 |
Deworming | 0 | 1 | 0–7 |
Vaccinating | 2 | 2 | 0–10 |
Identification | 3 | 4 | 0–10 |
Tail docking | 10 | 8 | 2–10 |
Shearing | 0 | 1 | 0–6 |
Husbandry Practice | Method | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Knife | Ear Tagging | Rubber Ring | p-Value | |
Identification | 5 | 3 | - | p < 0.05 |
Tail docking | 9 | - | 5–6 | p < 0.05 |
Castration | 10 | - | 8–9 | p > 0.05 |
Main Effect | Husbandry Practice | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Castration | Hoof Trimming | Deworming | Vaccinating | Identification | Tail Docking | Shearing | |
Gender | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns |
Age (years) | ns | ns | p < 0.05 | p < 0.05 | ns | ns | ns |
Education | ns | p < 0.05 | p < 0.05 | p < 0.05 | p < 0.05 | p < 0.05 | ns |
Experience | ns | ns | ns | p < 0.05 | ns | ns | ns |
Flock size | ns | p < 0.05 | p < 0.05 | p < 0.05 | ns | ns | ns |
Farm size | ns | p < 0.05 | p < 0.05 | p < 0.05 | ns | ns | ns |
Category | Kappa | Confidence Interval (95%) | Z-Value | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
No pain | 0.1896 | 0.0572 | 0.3163 | 44.1683 | p < 0.05 |
Mild to moderate pain | 0.2311 | −0.0384 | 0.4894 | 53.8356 | p < 0.05 |
Severe pain | 0.5603 | 0.2204 | 0.8776 | 130.4994 | p < 0.05 |
Global kappa | 0.3353 | 0.0507 | 0.6049 | 105.6649 | p < 0.05 |
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Larrondo, C.; Bustamante, H.; Gallo, C. Sheep Farmers’ Perception of Welfare and Pain Associated with Routine Husbandry Practices in Chile. Animals 2018, 8, 225. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani8120225
Larrondo C, Bustamante H, Gallo C. Sheep Farmers’ Perception of Welfare and Pain Associated with Routine Husbandry Practices in Chile. Animals. 2018; 8(12):225. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani8120225
Chicago/Turabian StyleLarrondo, Cristian, Hedie Bustamante, and Carmen Gallo. 2018. "Sheep Farmers’ Perception of Welfare and Pain Associated with Routine Husbandry Practices in Chile" Animals 8, no. 12: 225. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani8120225
APA StyleLarrondo, C., Bustamante, H., & Gallo, C. (2018). Sheep Farmers’ Perception of Welfare and Pain Associated with Routine Husbandry Practices in Chile. Animals, 8(12), 225. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani8120225