Serum Metabolomics and Ionomics Analysis of Hoof-Deformed Cows Based on LC-MS/MS and ICP-OES/MS
College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163000, China
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Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Animals 2023, 13(9), 1440; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13091440
Submission received: 22 February 2023
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Revised: 16 April 2023
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Accepted: 19 April 2023
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Published: 23 April 2023
(This article belongs to the Section Cattle)
Simple Summary
In recent years, due to the increasing scale of pasture, the incidence of hoof disease is increasing and hoof deformation is one of the common hoof diseases in dairy cows. In order to explore the metabolic and ionic changes of hoof-deformed dairy cows, LC-MS/MS and ICP-OES/MS techniques were used to analyze the serum samples of dairy cows. As a result, 127 metabolites were screened by metabolomics, and 28 metabolic pathways were enriched by KEGG metabolic pathway enrichment analysis, including nine metabolic pathways. The results of ion omics showed that 13 kinds of ions such as K, Li and Pb were up-regulated, while 18 kinds of ions such as Al, Cu and Sb were down-regulated. The integrated analysis of metabolomics and ion omics found that potassium ions were positively correlated with L-tyrosine and L-proline, positively correlated with thiamine and negatively correlated with L-valine. Sodium ions were positively correlated with L-valine and negatively correlated with α-D-glucose. The aim of this study was to investigate the ionic and metabolic changes in the organism after hoof deformation in dairy cows.
Abstract
In order to explore the metabolic and ionic changes of hoof-deformed cows, the serum samples of 10 healthy cows (group C) and 10 hoof-deformed cows (group T) were analyzed by LC-MS/MS and ICP-OES/MS. The pathway enrichment of differential metabolites was analyzed by screening and identifying differential metabolites and ions and using a bioinformatics method. The integration of metabolomics and ionics was analyzed with ggplot2 software in R language, and verified by MRM target metabolomics. The results showed that 127 metabolites were screened by metabolomics, of which 81 were up-regulated (p < 0.05) and 46 were down-regulated (p < 0.05). The results of ICP-OES/MS showed that 13 kinds of ions such as K, Li, and Pb in serum of dairy cows were up-regulated, while 18 kinds of ions such as Al, Cu and Sb were down-regulated. The integrated analysis of metabolomics and ionics found that potassium ions were positively correlated with L-tyrosine, L-proline, thiamine and L-valine. Sodium ions were positively correlated with L-valine and negatively correlated with α-D-glucose. The results of high-throughput target metabolomics showed that the contents of L-proline, L-phenylalanine and L-tryptophan in serum of dairy cows increased significantly, which was consistent with the results of non-target metabolomics. In a word, the metabolism and ion changes in dairy cows with hoof deformation were revealed by metabolomics and ionics.
Keywords:
dairy cow; hoof deformity; metabolomics; ionomics; joint analysis
