M-Mode Echocardiography in Canine Veterinary Practice: A Comprehensive Review of Left Ventricular Measurements in 44 Different Dog Breeds
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. M-Mode Measurements of LV Based on Breed
4. Results and Discussions
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Breed | No. of Cases | Age | Sex | Sedation | IVSd mm | LVIDd mm | LVPWd mm | IVSs mm | LVIDs mm | LVPWs mm | Study/ Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Afghan | 20 | 2–7 years | M and F | N-S | 8.0–12.0 | 33.0–52.0 | 7.0–11.0 | 8.0–18.0 | 20.0–37.0 | 9.0–18.0 | [19] |
American Staffordshire Terrier | 57 | 1–10 years | M and F | N-S | 5.9–14.3 | 34.4–51.2 | 6.2–12.1 | 8.1–21.6 | 17.6–36.9 | 9.3–19.1 | [37] |
Beagle | 25 | 28 weeks | M | N-S | 5–11 | 18–33 | 6–13 | 6–12 | 8–27 | 7–17 | [18] |
25 | F | 6–8 | 21–32 | 6–12 | 7–12 | 9–23 | 9–13 | ||||
Beagle | 6 | 4 months | F | S | 7.0 ± 1.3 | 21.2 ± 1.6 | 6.4 ± 1.4 | 10.9 ± 1.9 | 12.2 ± 1.8 | 10.4 ± 1.5 | [38] |
6 | 7 months | 7.0 ± 1.1 | 25.5 ± 3.7 | 8.5 ± 1.7 | 11.0 ± 2.2 | 15.6 ± 2.0 | 11.5 ± 1.1 | ||||
6 | 10 months | 8.5 ± 1.7 | 25.4 ± 2.0 | 8.8 ± 1.6 | 11.6 ± 1.9 | 15.7 ± 1.8 | 12.8 ± 1.9 | ||||
6 | 13 months | 7.4 ± 1.9 | 27.6 ± 3.8 | 8.2 ± 1.6 | 12.2 ± 2.1 | 14.8 ± 2.4 | 13.3 ± 1.2 | ||||
6 | 17 months | 8.7 ± 0.6 | 26.9 ± 4.9 | 9.2 ± 1.6 | 13.5 ± 1.9 | 16.1 ± 1.6 | 13.4 ± 1.5 | ||||
6 | 21 months | 9.1 ± 1.4 | 27.6 ± 2.4 | 8.5 ± 0.7 | 13.5 ± 2.1 | 16.0 ± 3.1 | 12.5 ± 1.3 | ||||
Border Collie | 20 | 2–12 years | M and F | N-S | 7.02–12.66 | 24.27–41.35 | 4.94–15.17 | 8.19–13.60 | 17.89–31.55 | 8.06–14.69 | [29] |
Boxer | 81 | 2.1–11 years | M and F | N-S | 8.3–16.1 | 29.0–48.0 | 9.0–15.5 | 8.1–24.6 | 16.7–33.0 | 12.2–21.6 | [28] |
Boxer | 37 | 1–14.5 years | M | N-S | - | 40.8 ± 3.0 | - | - | 28.1 ± 3.9 | - | [7] |
48 | 1–10.8 years | F | N-S | - | 38.0 ± 3.2 | - | - | 26.1 ± 3.0 | - | ||
Cavalier King Charles Spaniel | 62 | ≥12 months | M | N-S | 4.8–8.8 | 23.3–41.1 | 5.2–8.5 | 6.9–14.1 | 13.1–24.6 | 8.2–14.0 | [15] |
72 | F | 4.8–8.2 | 21.4–34.7 | 4.9–8.4 | 7.0–14.0 | 10.9–21.0 | 7.8–14.8 | ||||
Chihuahua | 25 | - | M and F | - | 5.2–6.5 | 15.83–18.53 | 5.1–6.1 | 6.95–8.22 | 9.01–11.52 | 6.6–8.12 | [14] |
Chihuahua | 47 | 10 months–7 years | M and F | N-S | 2.9–10.00 | 13.6–23.9 | 3.0–6.6 | - | 6.5–13.4 | [39] | |
Dachshund | 40 | 1–7 years | M and F | - | 4.6–7.8 | 21.6–34.5 | 5.2–8.6 | 6.7–10.8 | 11.1–21.1 | 7.2–12.0 | [40] |
Dachshund | 9 | 9 months-16 years | M | N-S | 5.2–9.6 | 24.7–34.7 | 4.3–8.6 | 7.3–14.9 | 15.5–22.1 | 6.9–12.8 | [30] |
32 | F | N-S | 4.5–10.9 | 17.6–30.0 | 3.9–11.4 | 6.4–14.1 | 7.2–21.0 | 6.4–14.9 | |||
Dobermann Pinscher | 8 | 3–5 years | - | - | 8.3 ± 1.2 | 41.6 ± 3.4 | 7.7 ± 1.2 | 11.8 ± 1.0 | 28.6 ± 2.5 | 12.2 ± 1.0 | [2] |
Dogue de Bordeaux | 7 M and 24 F | 12–22 months | M | N-S | - | - | 12.1–12.3 | - | - | - | [41] |
F | N-S | - | - | 10.81–11.05 | - | - | - | ||||
22–36 months | M | N-S | - | - | 12.56–12.7 | - | - | - | |||
F | N-S | - | - | 11.1–11.38 | - | - | - | ||||
36–50 months | M | N-S | - | - | 12.89–13 | - | - | - | |||
F | N-S | - | - | 11.62–11.7 | - | - | - | ||||
50–85 months | M | N-S | - | - | 13–13.2 | - | - | - | |||
F | N-S | - | - | 11.82–12.54 | - | - | - | ||||
12–22 months | M and F | N-S | 10.14–12.49 | - | - | 12.41–16.38 | - | 14.32–17.61 | |||
22–36 months | 11.13–12.5 | - | - | 13.97–16.4 | - | 15.69–7.6 | |||||
36–50 months | 11.71–13.1 | - | - | 14.91–17.1 | - | 16.51–18.27 | |||||
50–85 months | 11.8–13.06 | - | - | 15.1–16.97 | - | 16.62–18.37 | |||||
Dutch Shepherd | 5 | 3–5 years | - | - | 10.1 ± 0.9 | 38.9 ± 8.8 | 9.8 ± 1.3 | 13.8 ± 1.5 | 24.8 ± 5.7 | 13.0 ± 1.7 | [2] |
English Bull Terrier | 14 | 9–30 months | M and F | N-S | 6–14 | 32–44 | 8–12 | 9–17 | kg (93 + 5)–kg (199 + 5) | 10–14 | [34] |
English Bulldog | 50 | 1–14 years | M and F | N-S | 6.1–15 | 31.2–45.5 | 7–14.7 | 9–18.2 | 18.8–29 | 10.5–20 | [42] |
English Pointer | 16 | 1 week | M and F | N-S | 2.0 ± 0.2 | 9.0 ± 0.7 | 2.1 ± 0.3 | 3.5 ± 0.4 | 5.1 ± 0.9 | 4.0 ± 0.5 | [43] |
16 | 2 weeks | 2.2 ± 0.5 | 11.9 ± 1.8 | 2.4 ± 0.4 | 4.1 ± 0.5 | 7.1 ± 1.1 | 4.5 ± 0.5 | ||||
16 | 4 weeks | 3.2 ± 0.6 | 14.5 ± 1.7 | 3.0 ± 0.3 | 4.8 ± 0.5 | 8.9 ± 1.5 | 5.0 ± 0.6 | ||||
16 | 8 weeks | 4.0 ± 0.6 | 20.3 ± 1.8 | 4.0 ± 0.6 | 6.4 ± 0.8 | 12.2 ± 1.6 | 6.9 ± 0.7 | ||||
16 | 3 months | 4.8 ± 0.7 | 26.1 ± 2.0 | 4.7 ± 0.8 | 7.7 ± 0.6 | 16.6 ± 1.6 | 8.3 ± 0.8 | ||||
16 | 6 months | 6.5 ± 0.8 | 35.8 ± 2.2 | 6.4 ± 0.7 | 9.9 ± 0.8 | 22.8 ± 2.2 | 10.6 ± 1.1 | ||||
16 | 9 months | 7.0 ± 1.0 | 38.1 ± 2.2 | 7.0 ± 0.6 | 10.7 ± 1.3 | 24.5 ± 1.8 | 11.5 ± 1.2 | ||||
16 | 12 months | 6.9 ± 1.1 | 39.2 ± 2.4 | 7.1 ± 0.7 | 10.6 ± 1.0 | 25.3 ± 2.4 | 11.5 ± 1.3 | ||||
English Setter | 100 | 19–118 months | M and F | N-S | 6.6–12.8 | 32.7–55.6 | 6.9–12 | 7.1–16 | 21.6–40.5 | 8.8–15.6 | [36] |
Flat-Coated Retriever | 16 | 1–11 years | M and F | N-S | 8.59 ± 0.93 | 40.70 ± 2.93 | 6.80–9.60 | 11.82 ± 1.37 | 28.42 ± 2.34 | 9.80–13.00 | [44] |
French Bulldog | 42 | 1–10 years | M and F | N-S | 7.95 ± 0.99 | 33.50 ± 4.12 | 6.20–7.65 | 11.18 ± 1.69 | 21.23 ± 3.50 | 10.92 ± 1.41 | [35] |
German Shepherd | 30 | - | M | N-S | 9.69 ± 1.528 | 50.70 ± 4.968 | 9.91 ± 1.293 | 13.90 ± 1.720 | 34.22 ± 3.560 | 13.94 ± 1.183 | [25] |
20 | - | F | N-S | 9.80 ± 1.355 | 49.26 ± 4.405 | 9.11 ± 1.145 | 14.42 ± 1.525 | 34.31 ± 3.157 | 13.22 ± 1.046 | ||
- | 1–2 years | - | N-S | 9.93 ± 1.357 | 49.48 ± 4.416 | 9.73 ± 1.149 | 14.37 ± 1.528 | 33.76 ± 3.165 | 13.54 ± 1.051 | ||
- | 3 years | - | N-S | 10.04 ± 1.321 | 50.01 ± 4.295 | 9.34 ± 1.119 | 14.30 ± 1.487 | 34.01 ± 3.079 | 13.40 ± 1.022 | ||
- | 4 years | - | N-S | 9.27 ± 1.340 | 49.99 ± 4.361 | 9.70 ± 1.134 | 13.92 ± 1.509 | 33.79 ± 3.128 | 13.80 ± 1.038 | ||
- | >5 years–8 years | - | N-S | 9.74 ± 1.442 | 50.43 ± 4.697 | 9.27 ± 1.222 | 14.04 ± 1.625 | 35.51 ± 3.364 | 13.58 ± 1.116 | ||
German Shepherd | 60 | 1–5 years | M and F | - | 9.6 ± 0.9 | 41.7 ± 5.0 | 8.8 ± 1.1 | 14 ± 0.9 | 31 ± 5.1 | 13 ± 1.2 | [26] |
German Shepherd | 10 | 3–5 years | - | - | 10.7 ± 1.7 | 41.1 ± 4.5 | 9.3 ± 1.0 | 14.4 ± 1.5 | 26.4 ± 4.8 | 12.7 ± 1.5 | [2] |
Golden Retriever | 20 | 2–7 years | M and F | N-S | 8.0–13.0 | 37.0–51.0 | 8.0–12.0 | 10.0–17.0 | 18.0–35.0 | 10.0–19.0 | [19] |
Golden Retriever | 16 | 1–11 years | M and F | N-S | 10.06 ± 1.17 | 39.89 ± 3.43 | 8.00–15.33 | 14.21 ± 1.45 | 26.67 ± 3.15 | 11.80–19.40 | [44] |
Great Dane | 15 | 1–6 years | M and F | N-S | 12–16 | 44–59 | 10–16 | 14–19 | 34–45 | 11–19 | [32] |
Great Dane | 14 | 48–143 months | M | N-S | - | 53.6 | - | - | 38.6 | - | [45] |
26 | F | N-S | - | 49.5 | - | - | 35.6 | - | |||
Greyhound | 16 | 1–4 years | M and F | S | 9–14 | 36–49 | 10–15 | 11–16 | 27–37 | 13–18 | [46] |
16 | N-S | 8–14 | 40–49 | 9–14 | 10–17 | 29–38 | 12–18 | ||||
Greyhound | 11 | 5.5 ± 2.5 years | M and F | N-S | 10–16 | 40–50 | 8–13 | 28–36 | [47] | ||
Greyhound | 20 | 18 months–9 years | M and F | S | 11.9 | 42.7 | 12.9 | [33] | |||
Hungarian Greyhound | 22 | 1–11 years | M and F | N-S | 8.6–15.5 | 37.6–50.4 | 9.8–15.6 | 10.1–19.5 | 21.7–33.3 | 12.9–19.3 | [48] |
Hungarian Vizsla | 45 | 6 months–10 years | M and F | N-S | 7.1–14.0 | 30.2–52.3 | 8.4–15.5 | 8.8–16.6 | 18.4–36.4 | 10.4–20.2 | [48] |
Indian Spitz | 12 | 3–5 years | M | N-S | 6–10 | 31–47 | 7–10 | 8–17 | 19–29 | 10–15 | [49] |
12 | F | N-S | 7–9 | 29–42 | 6–10 | 13–17 | 19–29 | 10–14 | |||
Indonesian Mongrel | 4 | 2–5 years | M | - | 6.15–6.57 | 26.17–30.61 | 6.37–9.29 | 8.63–9.57 | 13.67–17.55 | 8.93–12.07 | [5] |
5 | F | - | 5.76–6.54 | 22.32–30.24 | 6.69–7.87 | 8.08–8.78 | 13.45–20.29 | 10.89–11.35 | |||
Irish Wolfhound | 20 | 1–9 years | M and F | N-S | 9–14.5 | 46–59 | 9–13 | 11–17 | 33–45 | 11–17 | [32] |
Irish Wolfhound | 262 | 12 months–8.5 years | M and F | N-S | 5.5–13.5 | 42.7–65.5 | 6.6–13.8 | 8.1–19 | 25.4–41.5 | 9.7–21.3 | [24] |
Italian Greyhound | 20 | 18 months–7 years | M and F | S | 6.4 | 22.2 | 7.1 | - | - | - | [33] |
Kangal | 25 | 2–6 years | M | 10.6 ± 1.28 | 55.8 ± 5.04 | 11.0 ± 1.52 | 15.3 ± 1.43 | 39.9 ± 4.29 | 16.2 ± 1.34 | [50] | |
25 | F | 10.1 ± 0.96 | 55.0 ± 4.17 | 9.4 ± 0.88 | 14.9 ± 1.19 | 38.9 ± 3.61 | 14.2 ± 1.39 | ||||
Labrador Retriever | - | - | - | - | 5.6–13.5 | 27.00–45.30 | 6.20–11.30 | 9.10–16.60 | 14.50–36.80 | 8.10–20.9 | [51] |
Labrador Retriever | 12 | 16 months–4 years | M | N-S | 5.6–12.5 | 29.4–45.3 | 6.8–11.3 | 8.1–20.8 | 14.5–36.8 | 9.4–14.7 | [52] |
12 | - | F | N-S | 6.0–13.5 | 30.4–42.6 | 6.2–10.3 | 10.2–15.3 | 21.0–30.8 | 9.1–14.6 | ||
Labrador Retriever | 18 | - | M | N-S | 11.1 ± 0.5 | 39.3 ± 0.9 | 8.8 ± 0.3 | 13.5 ± 0.7 | 27.5 ± 0.8 | 11.7 ± 0.4 | [53] |
13 | - | F | N-S | 11.1 ± 0.6 | 36.5 ± 1.0 | 8.7 ± 0.4 | 13.2 ± 0.8 | 24.8 ± 1.0 | 11.8 ± 0.5 | ||
6 | 1–2 years | - | N-S | 10.8 ± 0.8 | 37.6 ± 1.5 | 8.1 ± 0.5 | 12.6 ± 1.2 | 27.6 ± 1.4 | 10.3 ± 0.7 | ||
10 | 2–3 years | - | N-S | 9.9 ± 0.6 | 37.9 ± 1.2 | 8.6 ± 0.4 | 12.6 ± 0.9 | 26.8 ± 1.1 | 11.0 ± 0.6 | ||
8 | 3–5 years | - | N-S | 12.9 ± 0.6 | 39.7 ± 1.1 | 8.8 ± 0.4 | 15.9 ± 0.9 | 25.6 ± 1.0 | 13.4 ± 0.5 | ||
7 | >5 years | - | N-S | 10.8 ± 0.7 | 36.2 ± 1.4 | 9.4 ± 0.5 | 12.3 ± 1.1 | 24.5 ± 1.3 | 12.4 ± 0.6 | ||
Labrador Retriever | 14 | 1–12 years | M and F | N-S | 9.60 ± 1.95 | 40.61 ± 2.91 | 7.00–14.00 | 13.91 ± 2.52 | 27.93 ± 2.49 | 10.00–21.50 | [44] |
Labrador Retriever | 13 | 3–5 years | - | - | 9.6 ± 1.2 | 39.7 ± 3.0 | 8.5 ± 1.1 | 13.6 ± 1.6 | 25.6 ± 3.4 | 13.1 ± 1.3 | [2] |
Malinois Belgian Shepherd | 12 | 3–5 years | - | - | 10.1 ± 0.9 | 38.9 ± 8.8 | 9.8 ± 1.3 | 13.8 ± 1.5 | 24.8 ± 5.7 | 13.0 ± 1.7 | [2] |
Maltese dog | 23 | 2–6 years | M and F | N-S | 3.70–6.50 | 15.80–29.40 | 3.70–6.20 | 5.50–10.10 | 8.30–19.00 | 5.60–9.40 | [54] |
Miniature Poodle | 20 | 2–7 years | M and F | N-S | 4.0–6.0 | 16.0–28.0 | 4.0–6.0 | 6.0–10.0 | 8.0–16.0 | 6.0–10.0 | [19] |
Mudi | 28 | 1–12 years | M and F | N-S | 6.6–10.4 | 28.4–41.0 | 7.0–11.3 | 7.2–12.8 | 17.7–27.4 | 8.2–15.6 | [48] |
New Foundland | 27 | 1–11 years | M and F | N-S | 7–15 | 44–60 | 8–13 | 11–20 | 29–44 | 11–16 | [32] |
Nigerian local dogs | 20 | >1 year | - | N-S | 9–18 | 15–27 | 5–13 | 14–23 | 6–14 | 9–21 | [55] |
North American Saluki | 83 | >12 months | M and F | N-S | 7.00–14.00 | 36.67–55.35 | 7.47–11.51 | 10.00–18.00 | 25.00–42.58 | 10.00–16.77 | [20] |
Papillon | 4 | - | M and F | - | 6.79–7.63 | 17.10–19.85 | 6.92–7.7 | 7.88–8.97 | 10.67–10.95 | 9.28–9.45 | [14] |
Pug BOAS - | 21 | Over 24 months | M and F | N-S | 5.7–10.9 | 21.1–31.0 | 6.6–10.2 | 8.2–12.5 | 10.2–22.4 | 8.9–14.1 | [56] |
Pug BOAS + | 21 | M and F | N-S | 5.5–12.8 | 19.4–31.9 | 6.6–9.4 | 8.2–14.8 | 14.6–24.3 | 4.4–13.4 | ||
Saluki | 110 | ≥12 months | M and F | N-S | 7.7–13.8 | 33.0–47.3 | 8.4–12.9 | 8.9–15.7 | 23.2–39.8 | 10.1–17.1 | [57] |
Spanish Mastiff | 13 | 1 month | - | N-S | 4.92 ± 0.15 | 16.60 ± 0.27 | 4.73 ± 0.16 | 7.81 ± 0.19 | 8.65 ± 0.29 | 7.61 ± 0.21 | [31] |
19 | 2 months | - | N-S | 5.97 ± 0.15 | 24.82 ± 0.71 | 5.76 ± 0.14 | 9.41 ± 0.24 | 15 ± 0.37 | 9.24 ± 0.20 | ||
20 | 3 months | - | N-S | 7.04 ± 0.22 | 28.29 ± 0.73 | 7.02 ± 0.25 | 10.88 ± 0.38 | 18.67 ± 0.58 | 10.69 ± 0.39 | ||
10 | 4 months | - | N-S | 7.20 ± 0.26 | 35.50 ± 0.60 | 6.60 ± 0.34 | 11.30 ± 0.21 | 22.70 ± 0.57 | 9.97 ± 0.37 | ||
11 | 5 months | - | N-S | 7.86 ± 0.41 | 36.77 ± 0.80 | 7.09 ± 0.36 | 12.09 ± 0.51 | 24.84 ± 0.38 | 11.23 ± 0.54 | ||
10 | 6 months | - | N-S | 8.15 ± 0.21 | 41.95 ± 1.20 | 7.60 ± 0.29 | 12.80 ± 0.33 | 27.55 ± 0.86 | 11.70 ± 0.45 | ||
10 | 7 months | - | N-S | 8.35 ± 0.25 | 42.75 ± 0.53 | 7.95 ± 0.30 | 13.05 ± 0.37 | 27.58 ± 0.55 | 12.25 ± 0.44 | ||
10 | 8 months | - | N-S | 8.80 ± 0.17 | 44.01 ± 1.25 | 8.25 ± 0.17 | 13.85 ± 0.33 | 28.26 ± 1.01 | 13 ± 0.22 | ||
10 | 9 months | - | N-S | 9.35 ± 0.36 | 44.61 ± 1.82 | 9.05 ± 0.38 | 14.35 ± 0.54 | 29.21 ± 0.88 | 13.80 ± 0.51 | ||
10 | 10 months | - | N-S | 10.63 ± 0.42 | 46.05 ± 2.11 | 10.10 ± 0.42 | 15.73 ± 0.54 | 27.51 ± 1.41 | 14.75 ± 0.50 | ||
11 | 11 months | - | N-S | 10.76 ± 0.32 | 47.20 ± 0.88 | 9.71 ± 0.28 | 16.25 ± 0.48 | 29.41 ± 0.83 | 14.71 ± 0.44 | ||
10 | 12 months | - | N-S | 11.83 ± 0.47 | 47.31 ± 1.09 | 10.80 ± 0.52 | 17.90 ± 0.61 | 29.70 ± 1.14 | 16.30 ± 0.72 | ||
12 | Over 13 months (2–4 years) | - | N-S | 9.76 ± 0.42 | 47.72 ± 1.35 | 9.71 ± 0.36 | 15.64 ± 0.50 | 29.01 ± 1.05 | 15.17 ± 0.43 | ||
Toy Poodle | 40 | 3–9 years | M and F | - | 5.5–6.7 | 16.49–20.02 | 5.0–6.4 | 7.23–9.30 | 8.99–11.17 | 7.30–8.87 | [14] |
Welsh Corgi | 20 | 2–7 years | M and F | N-S | 6.0–9.0 | 28.0–40.0 | 6.0–10.0 | 10.0–14.0 | 12.0–23.0 | 8.0–13.0 | [19] |
Whippet | 20 | 18 months–7 years | M and F | S | 8,6 | 35.9 | 9 | [33] | |||
Whippet | 105 | 10–169 months | M and F | N-S | 7.1–12.9 | 25.7–47.5 | 6.4–11.5 | 9.0–15.5 | 17.0–36.1 | 8.6–17.2 | [27] |
Whippet | 119 | ≥12 months | M and F | N-S | 6.3–12.6 | 26.8–43.3 | 6.1–12.1 | 7.8–14.5 | 18.8–35.0 | 9.1–16.0 | [57] |
Yorkshire | 7 | 3–9 years | M and F | - | 4.69–6.10 | 18.81–19.12 | 4.95–5.5 | 7.9–9.1 | 9.47–11.13 | 7.32–8.53 | [14] |
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Cerbu, M.; Cerbu, C.; Papuc, I. M-Mode Echocardiography in Canine Veterinary Practice: A Comprehensive Review of Left Ventricular Measurements in 44 Different Dog Breeds. Animals 2023, 13, 2986. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13182986
Cerbu M, Cerbu C, Papuc I. M-Mode Echocardiography in Canine Veterinary Practice: A Comprehensive Review of Left Ventricular Measurements in 44 Different Dog Breeds. Animals. 2023; 13(18):2986. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13182986
Chicago/Turabian StyleCerbu, Maria, Constantin Cerbu, and Ionel Papuc. 2023. "M-Mode Echocardiography in Canine Veterinary Practice: A Comprehensive Review of Left Ventricular Measurements in 44 Different Dog Breeds" Animals 13, no. 18: 2986. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13182986