Supplemental Enzyme and Probiotics on the Growth Performance and Nutrient Digestibility of Broilers Fed with a Newly Harvested Corn Diet
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Diets and Treatments
2.2. Feed Passage Rate
2.3. Performance Data Collection
2.4. Metabolic Trial
2.5. Chemical Analysis
2.6. Digestive Enzyme Assay
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Growth Performance
3.2. Digesta Emptying Time and Visual Fecal Water Content Determination
3.3. Nutrient Digestibility
3.4. Digestive Enzyme Activity
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Item | Treatment |
---|---|
PC | Normal corn (stored for one year) diet |
NC | Newly harvested corn (just harvested within one half month) diet |
DE | NC supplemented with α-amylase (Aspergillus oryzae) 900 U/kg and amylopectase (Bacillus amyloliquofaciens) 600 U/kg, glucoamylase (Aspergillus usamil) 60,000 U/kg |
PT | NC supplemented with protease (Bacillus subtilis) 12,000 U/kg |
XL | NC supplemented with xylanase (Trichoderma longibrachiatum)4,800 U/kg |
BCC | NC supplemented with Pediococcus acidilactici BCC-1 109 cfu/kg |
DE + PT | NC supplemented with α-amylase (Aspergillus oryzae) 900 U/kg, amylopectase (Bacillus amyloliquofaciens) 600 U/kg, glucoamylase (Aspergillus usamil) 6,0000 U/kg, and protease (Bacillus subtilis) 12,000 U/kg |
XL + BCC | NC supplemented Pediococcus acidilactici BCC-1 109 cfu/kg combined with xylanase (Trichoderma longibrachiatum) 48,000 U/kg |
Item | Normal Corn | Newly Harvested Corn |
---|---|---|
CP, % | 9.32 | 9.20 |
Ash, % | 1.14 | 1.25 |
Crude fat, % | 3.50 | 2.83 |
Crude fibre, % | 3.03 | 1.42 |
DM, % | 88.86 | 87.3 |
Water-soluble pentosan, % | 0.52 | 0.83 |
Total pentosan, % | 3.94 | 5.27 |
Item | Composition | Nutrient Levels | Composition | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Corn | 57.00 | Normal corn diet | Newly harvested corn diet | |
Soybean meal | 35.75 | Metabolizable energy (Mcal/kg) 3 | 2.91 | |
Soybean oil | 2.85 | CP, % 4 | 21.05 | 20.93 |
Dicalcium phosphate | 2.00 | Lysine, % 3 | 1.25 | |
Limestone | 1.22 | Methionine, % 3 | 0.57 | |
Sodium chloride | 0.35 | Methionine + cystine, % 3 | 0.91 | |
L-Lysine hydrochloride (78%) | 0.12 | Threonine, % 3 | 0.80 | |
DL-Methionine (98%) | 0.26 | Calcium, % 3 | 1.00 | |
Choline chloride (50%) | 0.20 | NPP, % 3 | 0.47 | |
Mineral premix 1 | 0.20 | Starch, % 4 | 28.62 | 28.36 |
Vitamins premix 2 | 0.03 | Crude fat, % 4 | 4.15 | 3.53 |
Antioxidant | 0.02 | DM, % 4 | 92.33 | 88.65 |
Total | 100.00 |
Item | BW, g/Bird | BWG, g/Bird | FI, g/Bird | FCR |
---|---|---|---|---|
PC | 543.14 | 409.32 | 671.20 ab | 1.65 a |
NC | 570.46 | 435.03 | 671.86 ab | 1.59 ab |
DE | 560.48 | 425.13 | 698.07 a | 1.65 a |
PT | 573.78 | 439.71 | 681.78 a | 1.55 ab |
XL | 560.77 | 425.77 | 690.71 a | 1.65 a |
BCC | 563.63 | 428.58 | 645.48 b | 1.51 b |
DE + PT | 570.90 | 436.01 | 688.91 a | 1.58 ab |
XL + BCC | 548.60 | 414.98 | 643.40 b | 1.56 ab |
SEM | 3.739 | 3.676 | 4.315 | 0.013 |
p value | 0.404 | 0.428 | 0.002 | 0.065 |
Item | Digesta Emptying Time, min | Visual Fecal Water Content, % |
---|---|---|
PC | 143.05 a | 77.66 c |
NC | 124.00 bc | 80.97 a |
DE | 125.56 bc | 80.30 ab |
PT | 147.17 a | 79.39 abc |
XL | 123.81 bc | 80.19 ab |
BCC | 117.79 c | 79.91 ab |
DE + PT | 142.80 a | 78.25 bc |
XL + BCC | 135.59 ab | 81.22 a |
SEM | 42.148 | 0.290 |
p value | 0.001 | 0.012 |
Item | Crude Protein, % | Starch, % | Crude Fat, % |
---|---|---|---|
PC | 61.48 | 94.57 a | 60.16 |
NC | 66.65 | 91.46 ab | 53.70 |
DE | 65.25 | 90.46 ab | 51.22 |
PT | 53.41 | 87.17 b | 47.98 |
XL | 56.73 | 91.25 ab | 52.65 |
BCC | 68.72 | 93.18 a | 57.22 |
DE + PT | 60.11 | 91.21 ab | 60.43 |
XL + BCC | 70.86 | 92.96 a | 51.71 |
SEM | 1.619 | 0.545 | 1.768 |
p value | 0.081 | 0.029 | 0.616 |
Item | Chymotrypsin, U/mg Protein | Trypsin, U/mg Protein | Amylase, U/mg Protein | Lipase, U/mg Protein | Maltase, U/mg Protein | Sucrase, U/mg Protein |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PC | 24.54 ab | 437.10 c | 53.59 a | 45.52 ab | 175.28 ab | 64.04 |
NC | 21.87 bc | 356.98 c | 48.03 a | 77.84 a | 207.805 a | 54.87 |
DE | 29.23 a | 570.95 bc | 47.26 a | 69.40 ab | 159.73 ab | 56.51 |
PT | 19.35 bc | 648.85 abc | 46.09 a | 70.14 ab | 139.19 b | 45.23 |
XL | 20.38 bc | 568.56 bc | 27.39 b | 49.50 ab | 83.96 c | 58.47 |
BCC | 24.46 ab | 912.69 a | 31.47 b | 34.95 ab | 81.33 c | 55.16 |
DE + PT | 19.30 bc | 604.35 bc | 29.09 b | 32.06 b | 77.50 c | 47.82 |
XL + BCC | 17.26 c | 845.27 ab | 29.58 b | 31.04 b | 66.95 c | 68.30 |
SEM | 0.853 | 407.311 | 2.183 | 5.100 | 2.712 | 9.309 |
p value | 0.005 | 0.004 | 0.001 | 0.090 | <0.001 | 0.456 |
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Luo, C.; Wang, L.; Chen, Y.; Yuan, J. Supplemental Enzyme and Probiotics on the Growth Performance and Nutrient Digestibility of Broilers Fed with a Newly Harvested Corn Diet. Animals 2022, 12, 2381. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12182381
Luo C, Wang L, Chen Y, Yuan J. Supplemental Enzyme and Probiotics on the Growth Performance and Nutrient Digestibility of Broilers Fed with a Newly Harvested Corn Diet. Animals. 2022; 12(18):2381. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12182381
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuo, Caiwei, Liqun Wang, Yanhong Chen, and Jianmin Yuan. 2022. "Supplemental Enzyme and Probiotics on the Growth Performance and Nutrient Digestibility of Broilers Fed with a Newly Harvested Corn Diet" Animals 12, no. 18: 2381. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12182381
APA StyleLuo, C., Wang, L., Chen, Y., & Yuan, J. (2022). Supplemental Enzyme and Probiotics on the Growth Performance and Nutrient Digestibility of Broilers Fed with a Newly Harvested Corn Diet. Animals, 12(18), 2381. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12182381