Assessment of Influential Factors for Scours Associated with Cryptosporidium sp., Rotavirus and Coronavirus in Calves from Argentinean Dairy Farms
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Geographic Area and Productive Characteristics
2.2. Animal Enrollment and Facilities
2.3. Assessment of Farm Management Practices
2.4. Samples Collection and Analysis
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Study Population Demographics
3.2. Overall Scours, RVA, BCoV and C. sp. Incidences
3.3. Variables Associated with Scours
3.4. Variables Associated with RVA Infection
3.5. Variables Associated with C. sp. Infection
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Descriptive Variables | Result |
---|---|
Number of studied farms | 19 |
Total fecal samples | 488 |
Average of fecal samples collected per farm (SD) | 25.7 (±7.8) |
Diarrhea incidence | 35.4%, 173/488 |
Average age (days of life) of calves with diarrhea (SD) | 26.8 (±18.6) |
RVA positive farms | 63.1%, 12/19 |
Calf shedding RVA (with and without diarrhea) | 9.5%, 46/488 |
Calf shedding RVA with diarrhea | 58.7%, 27/46 0.55%, 27/488 |
Average age (days of life) of calves shedding RVA (SD) | 18.5 (±12.7) |
CoV positive farms | 10.5%, 2/19 |
Calf shedding CoV (with and without diarrhea) | 0.4%, 2/488 |
C. sp. positive farms | 84.2%, 16/19 |
Calf shedding C. sp. (with and without diarrhea) | 18.2%, 89/488 |
Calf shedding C. sp. with diarrhea | 71.9%, 64/89 13.1%, 65/488 |
Average days of life of calves shedding C. sp. (SD) | 17.7% (±18.7) |
RVA and C. sp. co-infection (with and without diarrhea) | 2.8%, 14/488 |
Standard deviation (SD) | |
Calf shedding RVA and C. sp. with diarrhea | 92.8%, 13/14 |
Variable | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | p-Value (Wald Test) | p-Value (LR Test) |
---|---|---|---|
Farm size Median | 0.7 (0.2; 1.0) | - | 0.01 |
Farm size Large | 1.7 (0.8; 3.6) | - | |
Time in calving pen, <6 h | 1.7 (1.3; 1) | 0.04 | - |
Milk replacer | 1.8 (1.1; 2.8) | 0.01 | - |
RVA infection | 2.6 (1.3; 5.3) | 0.005 | - |
C. sp. infection | 3 (1.8; 5) | <0.001 | - |
Calf age, <20 days | 2.2 (1.4; 3.5) | <0.001 | - |
Variable | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | p-Value (Wald Test) | p-Value (LR Test) |
---|---|---|---|
Calf rearing system, individual | 0.4 (0.2;0.9) | 0.02 | - |
Gender, male | 2.4 (1.3;4.6) | 0.004 | - |
Calf age, <20 days | 2.6 (1.3; 5.0) | 0.004 | - |
Variables | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | p-Value (Wald Test) | p-Value (Test-LR) |
---|---|---|---|
Farm size, Median | 0.4 (0.2;0.8) | - | 0.005 |
Farm size, Large | 1.2 (0.5;2.7) | - | |
Colostrum bank, no | 0.2 (0.1;0.4) | <0.001 | - |
Calf age, <20 days | 4.4 (2.7; 7.2) | <0.001 | - |
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Bertoni, E.; Barragán, A.A.; Bok, M.; Vega, C.; Martínez, M.; Gil, J.F.; Cimino, R.O.; Parreño, V. Assessment of Influential Factors for Scours Associated with Cryptosporidium sp., Rotavirus and Coronavirus in Calves from Argentinean Dairy Farms. Animals 2021, 11, 2652. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11092652
Bertoni E, Barragán AA, Bok M, Vega C, Martínez M, Gil JF, Cimino RO, Parreño V. Assessment of Influential Factors for Scours Associated with Cryptosporidium sp., Rotavirus and Coronavirus in Calves from Argentinean Dairy Farms. Animals. 2021; 11(9):2652. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11092652
Chicago/Turabian StyleBertoni, Emiliano, Adrián A. Barragán, Marina Bok, Celina Vega, Marcela Martínez, José F. Gil, Rubén O. Cimino, and Viviana Parreño. 2021. "Assessment of Influential Factors for Scours Associated with Cryptosporidium sp., Rotavirus and Coronavirus in Calves from Argentinean Dairy Farms" Animals 11, no. 9: 2652. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11092652