Calving Management: A Questionnaire Survey of Veterinary Subject Matter Experts and Non-Experts
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. The Questionnaire
2.2. The Respondents
2.3. Administration of the Questionnaire
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Response Rates
3.2. General Information about Participants (Question 1–4)
3.3. Definition of The Stages of Parturition (Question 5–7)
3.4. Observation Routine (Question 8–10, 16 and 17)
3.5. Signs of Parturition (Question 11, 12, 14, and 15)
3.6. Influences of Timing of Moving Cows to The Maternity Pen (Question 13, 17, and 18)
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
References
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Visible Signs of Parturition | Number of Recommendations For | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Stage I of Parturition | Stage II of Parturition | |||
SMEs 1 (n = 25) | Non-SMEs 2 (n = 21) | SMEs (n = 24) | Non-SMEs (n = 21) | |
Abdominal contractions | 5 | 3 | 8 | 8 |
Behavioral changes | 2 | 1 | - | - |
Enlargement of the udder | 4 | 1 | - | - |
Frequent lying/standing transitions | 2 | 0 | - | - |
Isolation seeking behavior | 4 | 3 | 0 | 1 |
Lateral recumbancy | - | - | 2 | 4 |
Milk dripping | 3 | 0 | - | - |
Reduced feed intake | 2 | 3 | - | - |
Relaxation of the pelvic ligaments | 9 | 3 | 1 | 0 |
Restlessness | 15 | 11 | 3 | 0 |
Rupture of the amniotic sac | 2 | 3 | 2 | 4 |
Swollen vulva | 0 | 3 | - | - |
Tail raising | 12 | 11 | 2 | 2 |
Tripping | 0 | 1 | - | - |
Uncomfortable walk | - | - | 1 | 0 |
Vaginal discharge | 7 | 6 | 4 | 2 |
Vaginal discharge with bloody traces | - | - | 2 | 0 |
Visibility of foetal parts in vulva | 2 | 1 | 16 | 17 |
Visible amniotic sac | 0 | 0 | 10 | 6 |
Vocalization | 0 | 1 | - | - |
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Voß, A.L.; Heuwieser, W.; Mee, J.F.; Fischer-Tenhagen, C. Calving Management: A Questionnaire Survey of Veterinary Subject Matter Experts and Non-Experts. Animals 2021, 11, 3129. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11113129
Voß AL, Heuwieser W, Mee JF, Fischer-Tenhagen C. Calving Management: A Questionnaire Survey of Veterinary Subject Matter Experts and Non-Experts. Animals. 2021; 11(11):3129. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11113129
Chicago/Turabian StyleVoß, Anna Lisa, Wolfgang Heuwieser, John F. Mee, and Carola Fischer-Tenhagen. 2021. "Calving Management: A Questionnaire Survey of Veterinary Subject Matter Experts and Non-Experts" Animals 11, no. 11: 3129. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11113129