S. aureus Biofilm Protein Expression Linked to Antimicrobial Resistance: A Proteomic Study
1
Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, I-88100 Catanzaro, Italy
2
Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, 10095 Torino, Italy
3
Surgical and Dental Sciences-One Health Unit, Department of Biomedical, University of Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milano, Italy
4
Department of Basic Biotechnological Sciences, Intensivological and Perioperative Clinics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Roma, Italy
5
Molecular and Genomic Diagnostics Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Roma, Italy
6
Deparment of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27A, 43124 Parma, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
Equal contribution.
Academic Editor: Amit Vikram
Animals 2021, 11(4), 966; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11040966
Received: 3 March 2021
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Revised: 23 March 2021
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Accepted: 24 March 2021
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Published: 31 March 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Resistance in Veterinary Medicine and Public Health)
Simple Summary
Biofilm formation represents one of the most effective forms of bacterial persistence in surfaces where nutrients are available or in the tissues of living hosts as humans or animals. Such persistence is due to the high rate of antimicrobial resistance of this shell conformation. It often represents a burden when the pathogen colonizes niches from where it is not removable such as food facilities, farm facilities or parts of living organisms. In this study, we investigated biofilm formation mechanisms and enhanced antimicrobial resistance of 6 different S. aureus strains. The detected mechanisms were primarily related to the control of catabolites, the production of proteins with moonlighting activities and the detoxification of compounds with antimicrobial activities (i.e., alcohol). Glycolysis and aerobic metabolisms were found to be less active in the biofilm conformation. Consequently, less H2O2 production from aerobic metabolism was translated into a measurable under-representation of catalase protein.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents one of the most critical challenges that humanity will face in the following years. In this context, a “One Health” approach with an integrated multidisciplinary effort involving humans, animals and their surrounding environment is needed to tackle the spread of AMR. One of the most common ways for bacteria to live is to adhere to surfaces and form biofilms. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) can form biofilm on most surfaces and in a wide heterogeneity of environmental conditions. The biofilm guarantees the survival of the S. aureus in harsh environmental conditions and represents an issue for the food industry and animal production. The identification and characterization of biofilm-related proteins may provide interesting insights into biofilm formation mechanisms in S. aureus. In this regard, the aims of this study were: (i) to use proteomics to compare proteomes of S. aureus growing in planktonic and biofilm forms in order to investigate the common features of biofilm formation properties of different strains; (ii) to identify specific biofilm mechanisms that may be involved in AMR. The proteomic analysis showed 14 differentially expressed proteins among biofilm and planktonic forms of S. aureus. Moreover, three proteins, such as alcohol dehydrogenase, ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase, and fructose-bisphosphate aldolase, were only differentially expressed in strains classified as high biofilm producers. Differentially regulated catabolites metabolisms and the switch to lower oxygen-related metabolisms were related to the sessile conformation analyzed.
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Keywords:
Staphylococcus aureus; planktonic cells; biofilm; proteomics; food safety; antimicrobial resistance
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MDPI and ACS Style
Piras, C.; Di Ciccio, P.A.; Soggiu, A.; Greco, V.; Tilocca, B.; Costanzo, N.; Ceniti, C.; Urbani, A.; Bonizzi, L.; Ianieri, A.; Roncada, P. S. aureus Biofilm Protein Expression Linked to Antimicrobial Resistance: A Proteomic Study. Animals 2021, 11, 966. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11040966
AMA Style
Piras C, Di Ciccio PA, Soggiu A, Greco V, Tilocca B, Costanzo N, Ceniti C, Urbani A, Bonizzi L, Ianieri A, Roncada P. S. aureus Biofilm Protein Expression Linked to Antimicrobial Resistance: A Proteomic Study. Animals. 2021; 11(4):966. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11040966
Chicago/Turabian StylePiras, Cristian, Pierluigi A. Di Ciccio, Alessio Soggiu, Viviana Greco, Bruno Tilocca, Nicola Costanzo, Carlotta Ceniti, Andrea Urbani, Luigi Bonizzi, Adriana Ianieri, and Paola Roncada. 2021. "S. aureus Biofilm Protein Expression Linked to Antimicrobial Resistance: A Proteomic Study" Animals 11, no. 4: 966. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11040966
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