A Freedom of Coxiella burnetii Infection Survey in European Bison (Bison bonasus) in Poland
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay)
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Number Positive/ Examined | % (95% Confidence Interval) | |
---|---|---|
Location (Global Positioning System) (N * = 523) | ||
Bałtów (51°1′3.759″ N 21° 32′30.098″ E) | 0/7 | 0 (0–41.0) |
Białowieska forest (52°42′9.861″ N 23°51′4.52″ E) | 1/171 ** | 0.58 (0.1–3.2) |
Bieszczady mountains (49°7′12.898″ N 22°45′0.782″ E) | 0/24 | 0 (0–14.2) |
Borecka forest (54°5′18.09″ N 21°55′21.467″ E) | 0/37 | 0 (0–9.5) |
Gołuchów (51°50′58.047″ N 17°55′50.863″ E) | 0/12 | 0 (0–26.5) |
Kiermusy (53°12′7.699″ N 22°42′44.245″ E) | 0/2 | 0 (0–84.2) |
Knyszyńska forest (53°15′35.036″ N 23°38′37.11″ E) | 0/52 | 0 (0–6.8) |
Niepołomice (50°1′45.67″ N 20°20′46.365″ E) | 0/49 | 0 (0–7.2) |
Pszczyna (49°58′29.284″ N 18°55′52.465″ E) | 0/92 | 0 (0–3.9) |
Smardzewice (51°28′39.975″ N 20°3′0.964″ E) | 0/60 | 0 (0–6.0) |
Strzelinko (54°31′45.236″ N 16°56′58.023″ E) | 0/1 | 0 (0–97.5) |
Ustroń (49°42′58.955″ N 18°49′59.765″ E) | 0/2 | 0 (0–84.2) |
ZOO Łódź (51°45′39.629″ N 19°24′45.333″ E) | 0/3 | 0 (0–70.8) |
ZOO Warsaw (52°15′28.9″ N 21°1′21.035″ E) | 0/11 | 0 (0–28.5) |
Population type (N = 523) | ||
free-living | 1/179 ** | 0.56 (0.1–3.1) |
captive | 0/344 | 0 (0–1.1) |
Gender (N = 505) | ||
female | 0/281 | 0 (0–1.3) |
male | 1/224 ** | 0.44 (0.01–2.4) |
Age group (N = 474) | ||
≤1 year old | 0/98 *** | 0 (0–3.7) |
2–3 years old | 0/114 | 0 (0 = 3.2) |
≥4 years old | 1/262 *** | 0.38 (0.1–2.1) |
Health status (N = 501) | ||
immobilized (apparently healthy) | 0/348 | 0 (0–1.1) |
eliminated (by culling) | 1/134 ** | 0.74 (0.02–4.1) |
fallen | 0/15 | 0 (0–21.8) |
traffic accident | 0/4 | 0 (0–60.2) |
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Krzysiak, M.K.; Puchalska, M.; Olech, W.; Anusz, K. A Freedom of Coxiella burnetii Infection Survey in European Bison (Bison bonasus) in Poland. Animals 2021, 11, 651. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11030651
Krzysiak MK, Puchalska M, Olech W, Anusz K. A Freedom of Coxiella burnetii Infection Survey in European Bison (Bison bonasus) in Poland. Animals. 2021; 11(3):651. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11030651
Chicago/Turabian StyleKrzysiak, Michał K., Martyna Puchalska, Wanda Olech, and Krzysztof Anusz. 2021. "A Freedom of Coxiella burnetii Infection Survey in European Bison (Bison bonasus) in Poland" Animals 11, no. 3: 651. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11030651
APA StyleKrzysiak, M. K., Puchalska, M., Olech, W., & Anusz, K. (2021). A Freedom of Coxiella burnetii Infection Survey in European Bison (Bison bonasus) in Poland. Animals, 11(3), 651. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11030651