Interaction and Emotional Connection with Pets: A Descriptive Analysis from Puerto Rico
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Objectives
2.2. Instruments
2.3. Variables Used
2.4. Sample and Participants
2.5. Procedures
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Answer | Percentage |
---|---|---|
Gender | Female | 79% |
Male | 21% | |
Highest level of education | Up to 11th grade | 1% |
High school diploma | 21% | |
Associate’s degree | 14% | |
Bachelor’s degree | 35% | |
Master’s degree | 21% | |
Doctorate | 8% | |
Type of living situation | House | 77% |
Apartment with a garden balcony or terrace | 16% | |
Apartment without a garden balcony or terrace | 6% | |
Public housing | 0.7% | |
Institution (nursing home, shelter) | 0.3% | |
Type of living area | Urban | 69% |
Rural | 31% | |
Socioeconomic status (annual income) | $10,000 or less | 26% |
$10,001–$20,000 | 20% | |
$20,001–$30,000 | 20% | |
$30,001–$40,000 | 11% | |
$40,001–$50,000 | 10% | |
$50,001–$60,000 | 4% | |
$60,001 or more | 9% |
Variable | Answer | Percentage |
---|---|---|
Any pets in the household | Yes | 84% |
No | 16% | |
Source of acquisition | Bought | 23% |
Rescued | 32% | |
Gift | 35% | |
Adopted | 10% |
Variable | Answer | Percentage |
---|---|---|
Who is the primary caretaker of the pet (feeding and water), including visits to the vet? | Myself | 22% |
Myself and another member of the family | 68% | |
Another member of the family | 8% | |
Employee | 0% | |
Nobody is clearly defined | 2% | |
What type of food do the pets get? | Leftovers | 7% |
I cook them their own food | 5% | |
Food specific to the species | 88% | |
When you are at home, how much time are you and the pet in the same place? | 1 to 4 h | 20% |
4 to 12 h | 32% | |
12 h to the whole day | 40% | |
Some time every 2 days | 2% | |
Some time every 3 days | 2% | |
Sometime during the week | 1% | |
Sometime during the month | 1% | |
I do not spend time with them | 2% | |
Where does the pet sleep? | Free inside the house | 32% |
In my room | 33% | |
Free in the garden | 23% | |
Chained in the garden | 6% | |
In a crate inside the house | 3% | |
In a crate outside the house | 3% | |
Sleeps outside on the streets | 0% | |
I do not know where it sleeps | 0% |
Variable | Answer | Percentage |
---|---|---|
Do you engage in any of these activities with your pet(s)? (Please mark all that apply.) | Play | 92% |
Walk | 57% | |
Stroke | 94% | |
Talk | 89% | |
Sports | 13% | |
Training | 22% | |
Contests | 4% | |
Identify the principal reason(s) why you have a pet (please mark all that apply). | Security | 40% |
Company | 91% | |
Social status | 1% | |
Luxury | 1% | |
Pleasure | 42% | |
It was a gift | 4% | |
Money | 0.5% | |
Work | 0.5% | |
Would you say your pet(s) is(are) part of your family? | Yes | 99% |
No | 1% |
β | Sig. (p) | Exp (β) | 95% CI Exp (β) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lower | Upper | ||||
Love | |||||
Lives with a pet | 3.003 | 0.000 | 20.152 | 10.443 | 38.888 |
Marital status: couple | 0.678 | 0.026 | 1.969 | 1.083 | 3.582 |
Marital status: single | 0.488 | 0.048 | 1.630 | 1.005 | 2.642 |
Constant | −0.907 | 0.010 | 0.404 | ||
Peace | |||||
Lives with a pet | 1.864 | 0.000 | 6.450 | 3.039 | 13.691 |
Marital status: couple | 0.656 | 0.000 | 1.928 | 1.339 | 2.775 |
Civil status: separated/divorced | 0.568 | 0.008 | 1.765 | 1.156 | 2.694 |
Marital status: single | 0.672 | 0.000 | 1.959 | 1.428 | 2.688 |
Level of studies: associate’s degree or bachelor’s degree | 0.442 | 0.004 | 1.555 | 1.150 | 2.104 |
Constant | −2.142 | 0.000 | 0.117 | ||
Joy | |||||
Lives with a pet | 3.640 | 0.000 | 38.094 | 9.482 | 153.040 |
Woman | 0.695 | 0.037 | 2.004 | 1.044 | 3.847 |
Level of studies: associate’s degree or bachelor’s degree | 0.709 | 0.004 | 2.032 | 1.260 | 3.275 |
Constant | −1.193 | 0.012 | 0.303 | ||
Relief | |||||
Lives with a pet | 1.478 | 0.005 | 4.385 | 1.548 | 12.424 |
Annual income: $20,001–$50,000 | −0.569 | 0.000 | 0.566 | 0.412 | 0.779 |
Constant | −1.949 | 0.000 | 0.142 | ||
Anxiety | |||||
Annual income: $0–$20,000 | 2.389 | 0.021 | 10.898 | 1.433 | 82.875 |
Annual income: $20,001–$50,000 | 2.395 | 0.029 | 10.964 | 1.271 | 94.582 |
Constant | −5.897 | 0.000 | 0.003 | ||
Protection | |||||
Lives with a pet | 2.029 | 0.000 | 7.604 | 3.482 | 16.605 |
Annual income: $0–$20,000 | 0.380 | 0.008 | 1.462 | 1.106 | 1.932 |
Constant | −1.688 | 0.000 | 0.185 |
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Aragunde-Kohl, U.; Gómez-Galán, J.; Lázaro-Pérez, C.; Martínez-López, J.Á. Interaction and Emotional Connection with Pets: A Descriptive Analysis from Puerto Rico. Animals 2020, 10, 2136. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10112136
Aragunde-Kohl U, Gómez-Galán J, Lázaro-Pérez C, Martínez-López JÁ. Interaction and Emotional Connection with Pets: A Descriptive Analysis from Puerto Rico. Animals. 2020; 10(11):2136. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10112136
Chicago/Turabian StyleAragunde-Kohl, Ursula, José Gómez-Galán, Cristina Lázaro-Pérez, and José Ángel Martínez-López. 2020. "Interaction and Emotional Connection with Pets: A Descriptive Analysis from Puerto Rico" Animals 10, no. 11: 2136. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10112136
APA StyleAragunde-Kohl, U., Gómez-Galán, J., Lázaro-Pérez, C., & Martínez-López, J. Á. (2020). Interaction and Emotional Connection with Pets: A Descriptive Analysis from Puerto Rico. Animals, 10(11), 2136. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10112136