On the Road to End Pig Pain: Knowledge and Attitudes of Brazilian Citizens Regarding Castration
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Recruitment and Questionnaires
2.2. Analyses
2.2.1. Quantitative Analyses
2.2.2. Qualitative Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Quantitative Findings
3.1.1. Attitudes towards the Different Alternatives to Deal with Boar Taint in Pig Meat
3.1.2. Awareness of Pig Production Practices
3.2. Qualitative Findings
3.2.1. Survey 1
3.2.2. Survey 2
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions and Recommendations
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Appendix B
Variable | Sv1 Participants (%) | IBGE* (%) | Sv2 Participants (%) | IBGE* (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | ||||
Female | 51 | 51 | 55 | 51 |
Male | 49 | 49 | 45 | 49 |
Age | ||||
18 to 24 years old | 22 | 16 | 34 | 19 |
25 to 34 years old | 29 | 23 | 19 | 24 |
35 to 44 years old | 15 | 20 | 17 | 20 |
45 to 54 years old | 17 | 18 | 16 | 16 |
55 years old and over | 17 | 23 | 14 | 21 |
Education | ||||
Up to high school | 26 | 64 | 27 | 68 |
Undergraduate education (completed or ongoing) | 74 | 36 | 73 | 32 |
Current residence urban | 96 | 85 | 90 | 84 |
Region of Brazil | ||||
South | 100 | 100 | 24 | 15 |
Southwest | 46 | 42 | ||
North | 5 | 8 | ||
Northwest | 15 | 28 | ||
Center-West | 10 | 7 | ||
Monthly family income | ||||
Up to 1 minimum wage | 18 | 60 | ||
1 to 2 minimum wage | 23 | 29 | ||
3 to 5 minimum wage | 34 | 5 | ||
Over 5 minimum wage | 25 | 5 |
Appendix C
Survey 1 |
Pain and Suffering |
|
Ethical and Animal Welfare Concerns |
|
Impact on Cost of Meat for Consumers |
|
Effects on Production |
|
Naturalness |
|
Risks for Consumers (Residues in Meat) |
|
Survey 2 |
Pain and Suffering |
|
Ethical and Animal Welfare Concerns |
|
Organoleptic Traits of Meat |
|
Effects on Production |
|
Naturalness |
|
Risks for Consumers (Residues in Meat) |
|
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Survey | Method | Acceptable | Unacceptable | Neutral/Does Not Know |
---|---|---|---|---|
Surgical castration | 15 | 73 | 12 | |
Sv1 (n = 441) | Immunocastration | 53 | 27 | 20 |
Surgical castration with pain control | 63 | 22 | 15 | |
Surgical castration | 18 | 67 | 15 | |
Sv2 (n = 768) | Immunocastration | 56 | 25 | 19 |
Entire male | 52 | 32 | 16 |
Question | Sv1 n = 441 | Sv2 n = 768 |
---|---|---|
Most pigs’ feeds used in Brazil are produced with transgenic soy and corn | 69 | 68 |
In pig production in Brazil, antibiotics are commonly used to improve performance. Many are the same as those used in human health | 42 | 41 |
Meat from non-castrated pigs slaughtered after puberty may present boar taint | 20 | 34 |
Pig producers tail dock piglets to avoid them from being bitten by others in their group 1 | 26 | 17 |
Male pigs used in meat production undergo castration or immunocastration | 30 | 33 |
Castration Method | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Survey | SC | IC | SC+PC | EM | Total | |
Pigs’ pain and suffering | Sv1 | 54 | 54 | 52 | - | 53 |
Sv2 | 55 | 55 | - | 45 | 52 | |
Ethical and animal welfare concerns | Sv1 | 27 | 7 | 34 | - | 24 |
Sv2 | 33 | 12 | - | 16 | 20 | |
Risks for consumers (residues in meat) | Sv1 | 11 | 16 | 9 | - | 12 |
Sv2 | 1 | 11 | - | 3 | 5 | |
Organoleptic traits of meat (boar taint) | Sv1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | - | 3 |
Sv2 | 3 | 9 | - | 21 | 10 | |
Effects on production | Sv1 | 11 | 1 | 2 | - | 5 |
Sv2 | 3 | 8 | - | 12 | 7 | |
Naturalness | Sv1 | 0 | 3 | 1 | - | 1 |
Sv2 | 4 | 7 | - | 5 | 5 | |
Impact of cost of meat for consumers | Sv1 | 5 | 61 | 39 | 33 | |
Sv2 | - | - | - | - | - |
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Hötzel, M.J.; Yunes, M.C.; Vandresen, B.; Albernaz-Gonçalves, R.; Woodroffe, R.E. On the Road to End Pig Pain: Knowledge and Attitudes of Brazilian Citizens Regarding Castration. Animals 2020, 10, 1826. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10101826
Hötzel MJ, Yunes MC, Vandresen B, Albernaz-Gonçalves R, Woodroffe RE. On the Road to End Pig Pain: Knowledge and Attitudes of Brazilian Citizens Regarding Castration. Animals. 2020; 10(10):1826. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10101826
Chicago/Turabian StyleHötzel, Maria José, Maria Cristina Yunes, Bianca Vandresen, Rita Albernaz-Gonçalves, and Raphaela E. Woodroffe. 2020. "On the Road to End Pig Pain: Knowledge and Attitudes of Brazilian Citizens Regarding Castration" Animals 10, no. 10: 1826. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10101826