High Diversity of Leptospira Species Infecting Bats Captured in the Urabá Region (Antioquia-Colombia)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Ethical Considerations
2.2. Characteristics of the Capture Area of Specimens
2.3. Capture of Bats
2.4. Euthanasia of Captured Bats
2.5. DNA Extraction
2.6. PCR-16S Ribosomal Gene Conditions
2.7. 16S Ribosomal Gene Sequencing from Kidneys of Bats
2.8. Phylogenetic Analysis 16S Ribosomal Gene
3. Results
3.1. Places of Bat’s Capture
3.2. Families, Genera and Species of Captured Bats
3.3. Detection of Leptospira spp. in Bats by Conventional PCR
3.4. Identification of Leptospira Species by Phylogenetic Analysis
3.5. Host-Pathogen Relationship between Bats and Leptospira
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Species | Number | Percentage (%) | Frequency | Feeding Habits |
---|---|---|---|---|
Artibeus jamaicensis | 1 | 0.49% | 0.005 | frugivore |
Carollia brevicauda | 13 | 6.31% | 0.063 | frugivore |
Carollia castanea | 1 | 0.49% | 0.005 | frugivore |
Carollia perspicillata | 13 | 6.31% | 0.063 | frugivore |
Dermanura rava | 4 | 1.94% | 0.019 | frugivore |
Glossophaga soricina | 43 | 20.87% | 0.209 | nectarivore |
Sturnira bakeri | 17 | 8.25% | 0.083 | frugivore |
Molossus molossus | 26 | 12.62% | 0.126 | insectivore |
Artibeus lituratus | 5 | 2.43% | 0.024 | frugivore |
Myotis caucensis | 9 | 4.37% | 0.044 | insectivore |
Artibeus planirostris | 55 | 26.70% | 0.267 | frugivore |
Uroderma convexum | 15 | 7.28% | 0.073 | frugivore |
Rhogeessa sp. | 1 | 0.49% | 0.005 | insectivore |
Phyllostomus hastatus | 2 | 0.97% | 0.010 | omnivore |
Phyllostomus discolor | 1 | 0.49% | 0.005 | omnivore |
TOTAL | 206 | 100% | 1 |
Code | Phylogenetic Identification (16S Ribosomal Gene) | Infected Species | Feeding Habits | Gender | Municipality |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ZM-022 | Leptospira kirschneri | Carollia perspicillata | Frugivore | Female | Carepa |
ZM-025 | Leptospira kirschneri | Dermanura rava | Frugivore | Male | Carepa |
ZM-047 | Leptospira interrogans | Glossophaga soricina | Nectarivore | Female | Apartadó |
ZM-056 | Leptospira kirschneri | Glossophaga soricina | Nectarivore | Male | Apartadó |
ZM-060 | Leptospira noguchii | Glossophaga soricina | Nectarivore | Female | Apartadó |
ZN-083 | Leptospira noguchii | Uroderma convexum | Frugivore | Male | Chigorodó |
ZN-087 | Leptospira noguchii | Uroderma convexum | Frugivore | Male | Chigorodó |
ZN-107 | Leptospira noguchii | Uroderma convexum | Frugivore | Female | Chigorodó |
ZN-125 | Leptospira noguchii | Molossus molossus | Insectivore | Female | Turbo |
ZN-126 | Leptospira kirschneri | Molossus molossus | Insectivore | Male | Turbo |
ZN-129 | Leptospira kirschneri | Artibeus planirostris | Frugivore | Male | Turbo |
ZN-136 | Leptospira borgpetersenii | Glossophaga soricina | Nectarivore | Female | Turbo |
ZN-138 | Leptospira borgpetersenii | Glossophaga soricina | Nectarivore | Female | Turbo |
ZN-139 | Leptospira interrogans | Artibeus planirostris | Frugivore | Male | Turbo |
ZN-141 | Leptospira alexanderi | Uroderma convexum | Frugivore | Female | Turbo |
ZN-149 | Leptospira alexanderi | Glossophaga soricina | Nectarivore | Male | Turbo |
ZN-150 | Leptospira borgpetersenii | Artibeus planirostris | Frugivore | Male | Turbo |
ZN-163 | Leptospira kirschneri | Artibeus planirostris | Frugivore | Male | Turbo |
ZN-168 | Leptospira noguchii | Uroderma convexum | Frugivore | Male | Necoclí |
ZN-169 | Leptospira interrogans | Uroderma convexum | Frugivore | Female | Necoclí |
Leptospira Species | Infected Bat Species | Infected Bats |
---|---|---|
Leptospira borgpetersenii | Glossophaga soricina (2) Artibeus planirostris (1) | 3 |
Leptospira alexanderi | Uroderma convexum (1) Glossophaga soricina (1) | 2 |
Leptospira noguchii | Glossophaga soricina (1) Uroderma convexum (4) Molossus molossus (1) | 6 |
Leptospira interrogans | Glossophaga soricina (1) Artibeus planirostris (1) Uroderma convexum (1) | 3 |
Leptospira kirschneri | Carollia perspicillata (1) Dermanura rava (1) Glossophaga soricina (1) Molossus molossus (1) Artibeus planirostris (2) | 6 |
Total: 20 |
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Monroy, F.P.; Solari, S.; Lopez, J.Á.; Agudelo-Flórez, P.; Peláez Sánchez, R.G. High Diversity of Leptospira Species Infecting Bats Captured in the Urabá Region (Antioquia-Colombia). Microorganisms 2021, 9, 1897. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9091897
Monroy FP, Solari S, Lopez JÁ, Agudelo-Flórez P, Peláez Sánchez RG. High Diversity of Leptospira Species Infecting Bats Captured in the Urabá Region (Antioquia-Colombia). Microorganisms. 2021; 9(9):1897. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9091897
Chicago/Turabian StyleMonroy, Fernando P., Sergio Solari, Juan Álvaro Lopez, Piedad Agudelo-Flórez, and Ronald Guillermo Peláez Sánchez. 2021. "High Diversity of Leptospira Species Infecting Bats Captured in the Urabá Region (Antioquia-Colombia)" Microorganisms 9, no. 9: 1897. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9091897