Removal of Phenols in Table Olive Processing Wastewater by Using a Mixed Inoculum of Candida boidinii and Bacillus pumilus: Effects of Inoculation Dynamics, Temperature, pH, and Effluent Age on the Abatement Efficiency

Campaniello, Daniela; Speranza, Barbara; Altieri, Clelia; Sinigaglia, Milena; Bevilacqua, Antonio; Corbo, Maria Rosaria

doi:10.3390/microorganisms9081783

Open AccessArticle

Removal of Phenols in Table Olive Processing Wastewater by Using a Mixed Inoculum of Candida boidinii and Bacillus pumilus: Effects of Inoculation Dynamics, Temperature, pH, and Effluent Age on the Abatement Efficiency

by

Daniela Campaniello

,

Barbara Speranza

,

Clelia Altieri

,

Milena Sinigaglia

,

Antonio Bevilacqua

^*

and

Maria Rosaria Corbo

^*

Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy

^*

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Microorganisms 2021, 9(8), 1783; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9081783

Submission received: 21 July 2021 / Revised: 18 August 2021 / Accepted: 19 August 2021 / Published: 23 August 2021

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microbial Bioremediation)

Download

Browse Figures

Versions Notes

Abstract

The main goal of this paper was to assess the ability of a combination of Candida boidinii and Bacillus pumilus to remove phenol in table olive processing water, as a function of some variables, like temperature, pH, a dilution of waste and the order of inoculation of the two microorganisms. At this purpose C. boidinii and B. pumilus were sequentially inoculated in two types of table olive processing water (fresh wastewater, FTOPW and wastewater stored for 3 months-aged wastewater, ATOPW). pH (6 and 9), temperature (10 and 35 °C) and dilution ratio (0, 1:1) were combined through a 2^k fractional design. Data were modeled using two different approaches: Multifactorial Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) and multiple regression. A higher removal yield was achieved by inoculating B. pumilus prior to the yeast (192 vs. 127 mg/L); moreover, an increased efficiency was gained at 35 °C (mean removal of 200 mg/L). The use of two statistic approach suggested a different weight of variables; temperature was a global variable, that is a factor able to affect the yield of the process in all conditions. On the other hand, an alkaline pH could increase the removal of phenol at 10 °C (25–43%).

Keywords: phenols; Candida boidinii; Bacillus pumilus; table olive processing wastewater; bioremediation

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Campaniello, D.; Speranza, B.; Altieri, C.; Sinigaglia, M.; Bevilacqua, A.; Corbo, M.R. Removal of Phenols in Table Olive Processing Wastewater by Using a Mixed Inoculum of Candida boidinii and Bacillus pumilus: Effects of Inoculation Dynamics, Temperature, pH, and Effluent Age on the Abatement Efficiency. Microorganisms 2021, 9, 1783. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9081783

AMA Style

Campaniello D, Speranza B, Altieri C, Sinigaglia M, Bevilacqua A, Corbo MR. Removal of Phenols in Table Olive Processing Wastewater by Using a Mixed Inoculum of Candida boidinii and Bacillus pumilus: Effects of Inoculation Dynamics, Temperature, pH, and Effluent Age on the Abatement Efficiency. Microorganisms. 2021; 9(8):1783. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9081783

Chicago/Turabian Style

Campaniello, Daniela, Barbara Speranza, Clelia Altieri, Milena Sinigaglia, Antonio Bevilacqua, and Maria Rosaria Corbo. 2021. "Removal of Phenols in Table Olive Processing Wastewater by Using a Mixed Inoculum of Candida boidinii and Bacillus pumilus: Effects of Inoculation Dynamics, Temperature, pH, and Effluent Age on the Abatement Efficiency" Microorganisms 9, no. 8: 1783. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9081783

APA Style

Campaniello, D., Speranza, B., Altieri, C., Sinigaglia, M., Bevilacqua, A., & Corbo, M. R. (2021). Removal of Phenols in Table Olive Processing Wastewater by Using a Mixed Inoculum of Candida boidinii and Bacillus pumilus: Effects of Inoculation Dynamics, Temperature, pH, and Effluent Age on the Abatement Efficiency. Microorganisms, 9(8), 1783. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9081783

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Menu

Removal of Phenols in Table Olive Processing Wastewater by Using a Mixed Inoculum of Candida boidinii and Bacillus pumilus: Effects of Inoculation Dynamics, Temperature, pH, and Effluent Age on the Abatement Efficiency

Abstract

Share and Cite

Article Metrics

Article Access Statistics

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI