Microbial Communities in Permafrost Soils of Larsemann Hills, Eastern Antarctica: Environmental Controls and Effect of Human Impact
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- -
- To characterize taxonomic diversity and soil-physical properties of soils of Larsemann Hills;
- -
- To assess soil microbiome composition and its variability across landscapes of Larsemann Hills, as well as the role of anthropogenic factor effect on soil microbiome structure and composition;
- -
- To reveal the relationship between soil microbiome composition and diversity with soil physical–chemical properties.
2. Materials and Methods
Soil Sampling and Laboratory Analyses
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Soil Physical–Chemical Properties
3.2. Microbiome Composition of Studied Soils
3.3. Anthropogenically-Affected Sites
3.4. Near-Natural Sites
3.5. Relationship between Soil Microbiome and Soil Physical–Chemical Properties
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Coordinates | MAAT, °C | MAST, °C | MAGT, °C | Mean Annual Wind Speed, m s−1 | Annual Precipitation, mm |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Larsemann Hills | |||||
S 69°40′23.2″ E 76°34′21.2″ | −9.6 | −10.4 | −9.1 | 6.7 | 250 |
Site | Geographical Coordinates | Location and Horizon Description | Soil Name (WRB) |
---|---|---|---|
Anthropogenically-Affected Sites | |||
Progress 1 | 69°22′39.7″S 76°23′15.9″E | Area between office and residential buildings; surface horizon | Hyperskeletic Turbic Technosol |
Progress 2 | 69°24′02.6″S 76°24′05.2″E | Vicinities of field base “Progress-3”, wet valley, surface horizon | Hyperskeletic Lithic Leptosol |
Near-Natural Sites | |||
Lars 1 (0–1 cm) | 69°23′11.4″S 76°23′16.7″E | Surface “algal–mineral” horizon, wet valley of Larsemann Hills | Hyperskeletic Leptosol (Lithic) |
Lars 1 (1–5 cm) | Moss–lichen–algae horizon in bottom of the wet valley of Larsemann Hills | ||
Lars 2 (0–1 cm) | 69°23′45.1″S 76°21’08.7″E | Surface coarse horizon under “gravel pavement” in flank of the valley with ephemeral water supply from melting snow patches | Hyperskeletic Leptosol (Lithic, Gleyic) |
Lars 2 (1–5 cm) | “Algal–mineral” mineral horizon | ||
Lars 2 (15–25 cm) | Transitional (BC) horizon, with stagnic and oximorphic features | ||
Lars 3 | 69°23′12.9″S 76°19′26.6″E | Gravel pavement in high “dry” flank of the valley | Hyperskeletic Leptosol (Lithic) |
Site | pHH2O | pHKCl | TOC, % | N, % | C:N | Basal Respiration, mg g−1 day−1 | Fine Earth (<2 mm), % |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Anthropogenically-Affected Sites | |||||||
Progress 1 | 5.85 ± 0.53 | 5.23 ± 0.42 | 0.87 ± 0.10 | 0.083± 0.005 | 10.48 ± 1.27 | 0.009 ± 0.001 | 18.99 ± 1.23 |
Progress 2 | 5.32 ± 0.56 | 4.89± 0.32 | 0.76 ±0.16 | 0.062 ±0.005 | 12.26 ± 2.09 | 0.008 ± 0.001 | 21.91 ± 1.97 |
Near-Natural Sites | |||||||
Lars 1 (0–1 cm) | 6.42 ± 0.56 | 5.76 ± 0.45 | 0.89 ± 0.12 | 0.08 ± 0.010 | 11.13 ± 1.56 | 0.010 ± 0.002 | 21.78 ± 1.86 |
Lars 1 (1–5 cm) | 6.01 ±0.43 | 5.54 ± 0.31 | 1.50 ± 0.12 | 0.12± 0.01 | 12.50 ± 1.23 | 0.101 ± 0.006 | 31.98 ± 1.98 |
Lars 2 (0–1 cm) | 6.21 ± 0.42 | 5.86 ± 0.23 | 0.98 ± 0.12 | 0.06 ± 0.01 | 16.33 ± 1.86 | 0.009 ± 0.001 | 22.03 ± 1.54 |
Lars 2 (1–5 cm) | 5.98 ± 0.32 | 5.54 ± 0.27 | 1.65 ± 0.17 | 0.15 ± 0.03 | 10.84 ± 0.87 | 0.150 ± 0.010 | 29.87 ± 1.50 |
Lars 2 (15–25 cm) | 6.03 ± 0.24 | 5.65 ± 0.23 | 0.54 ± 0.08 | 0.04 ± 0.01 | 13.50 ± 1.24 | 0.006 ± 0.001 | 19.87 ± 1.65 |
Lars 3 | 6.04 ± 0.21 | 5.76 ± 0.21 | 0.87 ± 0.10 | 0.08 ± 0.02 | 10.88 ± 1.26 | 0.007 ± 0.001 | 21.09 ± 1.78 |
Site | OTUs | PD_Whole_Tree | Simpson Index | Shannon Index |
---|---|---|---|---|
Anthropogenically-Affected Sites | ||||
Progress 1 | 504 ± 32 | 40 ± 3.5 | 0.985 ± 0.12 | 5.02 ± 0.78 |
Progress 2 | 760 ± 28 | 58 ± 4.1 | 0.981 ± 0.15 | 5.31 ± 0.85 |
Near-Natural Sites | ||||
Lars 1 (0–1 cm) | 566 ± 26 | 45 ± 3.5 | 0.984 ± 0.17 | 5.10 ± 1.02 |
Lars 1 (1–5 cm) | 513 ± 25 | 46 ± 5.2 | 0.967 ± 0.11 | 4.85 ± 0.65 |
Lars 2 (0–1 cm) | 476 ± 22 | 40 ± 4.2 | 0.981 ± 0.14 | 4.85 ± 0.98 |
Lars 2 (1–5 cm) | 590 ± 29 | 46 ± 6.1 | 0.959 ± 0.15 | 4.75 ± 0.76 |
Lars 2 (15–25 cm) | 310 ± 21 | 28 ± 5.3 | 0.945 ± 0.23 | 4.02 ± 0.73 |
Lars 3 | 403 ± 22 | 41.5 ± 4.5 | 0.979 ± 0.25 | 4.63 ± 0.56 |
pH | TOC | N | C/N | Basal Respiration | Fine Earth | OTUs | Shannon | Simpson | PD_Tree | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
pH | — | |||||||||
TOC | 0.273 | — | ||||||||
N | −0.034 | 0.758 *** | — | |||||||
C/N | 0.285 | −0.093 | −0.588 ** | — | ||||||
Basal Respiration | 0.176 | 0.876 *** | 0.806 *** | −0.242 | — | |||||
Fine Earth | 0.148 | 0.757 *** | 0.522 ** | 0.258 | 0.723 *** | — | ||||
OTUs | −0.244 | 0.245 | 0.436 * | −0.312 | 0.555 ** | 0.397 | — | |||
Shannon | −0.056 | 0.032 | 0.156 | −0.101 | 0.283 | 0.163 | 0.795 *** | — | ||
Simpson | 0.422 * | 0.263 | 0.267 | 0.052 | 0.271 | 0.207 | 0.368 | 0.688 *** | — | |
PD_tree | −0.167 | 0.358 * | 0.509 * | −0.094 | 0.552 ** | 0.691 *** | 0.848 *** | 0.677 *** | 0.391 | — |
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Alekseev, I.; Zverev, A.; Abakumov, E. Microbial Communities in Permafrost Soils of Larsemann Hills, Eastern Antarctica: Environmental Controls and Effect of Human Impact. Microorganisms 2020, 8, 1202. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8081202
Alekseev I, Zverev A, Abakumov E. Microbial Communities in Permafrost Soils of Larsemann Hills, Eastern Antarctica: Environmental Controls and Effect of Human Impact. Microorganisms. 2020; 8(8):1202. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8081202
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlekseev, Ivan, Aleksei Zverev, and Evgeny Abakumov. 2020. "Microbial Communities in Permafrost Soils of Larsemann Hills, Eastern Antarctica: Environmental Controls and Effect of Human Impact" Microorganisms 8, no. 8: 1202. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8081202
APA StyleAlekseev, I., Zverev, A., & Abakumov, E. (2020). Microbial Communities in Permafrost Soils of Larsemann Hills, Eastern Antarctica: Environmental Controls and Effect of Human Impact. Microorganisms, 8(8), 1202. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8081202