Low-Temperature Biosurfactants from Polar Microbes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sampling Locations of Microbial Isolates
2.2. Bacterial Isolation and Phylogenetic Characterization
2.3. Bacterial Growth
Growth Media for Biosurfactant Production
2.4. Biosurfactant Screening Methods
2.4.1. Oil Displacement Method
2.4.2. Emulsion Index Test (E24)
2.4.3. Growth on Crude Oil
2.5. Biosurfactant Classification
2.5.1. Large Scale Biosurfactant Production
2.5.2. MALDI Mass Spectrometry and Thin-Layer Chromatography
2.5.3. Raman Spectroscopy
2.6. Respirometry
3. Results
3.1. Phylogeny of Biosurfactants Producing Bacterial Isolates
3.2. Screening for Biosurfactants
3.3. Characteristics of Biosurfactants
3.4. Respiration Activity
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Isolate | Location | Closest Relative | % ID | Accession # |
---|---|---|---|---|
PL 17 | Pony Lake | Serratia quinivorans 4364 (NR_037112.1) | 99 | MT594460 |
PL 19 | Pony Lake | Psychrobacter arcticus strain 273-4 (NR_075054.1) | 98 | MT594461 |
CG 23.3 | Cotton Glacier | Janthinobacterium svalbardensis JA-1 (NR_132608.1) | 98 | MT594462 |
CG 23.4 | Cotton Glacier | Janthinobacterium svalbardensis JA-1 (NR_132608.1) | 99 | MT594463 |
Isolate | E24 (%) | Oil Displacement (cm) | Dried Supernatant (g/L) | Growth on Crude Oil | MALDI Peak Matches (m/z Ratio) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
PL 17 | 36.4 | 6.4 ± 0.4 | 8.5 | Sophorolipid (621, 663) i Di-rhamnolipid (649, 689) i,ii | |
PL 19 | 58.3 | 3.5 ± 0.1 | 9.9 | Sophorolipid (663) Di-rhamnolipid (689) | |
CG 23.3 | 66.7 | 4.6 ± 1.1 | 17.3 | Sophorolipid (647) iii Di-rhamnolipid (689) | |
CG 23.4 | 46.2 | 3.5 ± 2.2 | 13.3 | Sophorolipid (663) Di-rhamnolipid (689) |
Isolate | Diesel (fg CO2 d−1 cell−1) | Motor Oil (fg CO2 d−1 cell−1) | Crude Oil (fg CO2 d−1 cell−1) |
---|---|---|---|
PL 17 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 0.9 ± 0.2 | 0.0 ± 0.1 |
PL 19 | 344.0 ± 81.5 | 144.8 ± 59.7 | 271.6 ± 199.1 |
CG 23.3 | 7.8 ± 1.2 | 2.5 ± 0.5 | 8.7 ± 0.5 |
CG 23.4 | 1.5 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 0.6 ± 0.04 |
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Trudgeon, B.; Dieser, M.; Balasubramanian, N.; Messmer, M.; Foreman, C.M. Low-Temperature Biosurfactants from Polar Microbes. Microorganisms 2020, 8, 1183. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8081183
Trudgeon B, Dieser M, Balasubramanian N, Messmer M, Foreman CM. Low-Temperature Biosurfactants from Polar Microbes. Microorganisms. 2020; 8(8):1183. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8081183
Chicago/Turabian StyleTrudgeon, Benjamin, Markus Dieser, Narayanaganesh Balasubramanian, Mitch Messmer, and Christine M. Foreman. 2020. "Low-Temperature Biosurfactants from Polar Microbes" Microorganisms 8, no. 8: 1183. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8081183