Effect of Co-contamination by PAHs and Heavy Metals on Bacterial Communities of Diesel Contaminated Soils of South Shetland Islands, Antarctica
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Reagents
2.2. Soil Sampling
2.3. Analysis of Chemical Parameters
2.4. Analysis of Biological Parameters
2.5. 16S rRNA Gene Analysis
2.6. Isolation of Phenanthrene Degrading Bacteria
2.7. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Antarctic Diesel-Exposed Soils Contain High Concentrations of PAHs and Heavy Metals
3.2. Bacterial Communities of Diesel-Exposed Soils
3.3. Biological Activity of Diesel-Exposed Soils Is Less Affected by Cadmium than Control Soils
3.4. Diesel-Exposed Soils Present an Increased Number of Cadmium-tolerant and PAH Metabolizing Bacteria
4. Discussion
4.1. PAHs and Metal Contamination on Diesel-Exposed Antarctic Soils
4.2. Bacterial Communities Inhabiting Diesel-Exposed Soils
4.3. Effect of PAHs and Cadmium on Dehydrogenase Activity, CFUs, and PAHs Degrading Bacteria
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample | Exposure to Diesel | Latitude | Longitude | Temperature |
---|---|---|---|---|
A | Non-exposed | 62°25 S | 59°46 W | 1 °C |
B | Non-exposed | 62°26 S | 59°23 W | 3 °C |
C | Non-exposed | 62°38 S | 60°36 W | 3 °C |
D | Non-exposed | 62°58 S | 60°34 W | 3 °C |
E | Exposed | 62°19 S | 57°53 W | 0 °C |
F | Exposed | 62°19 S | 57°55 W | 0 °C |
G | Exposed | 62°11 S | 58°58 W | 5 °C |
H | Exposed | 62°13 S | 58°57 W | 9 °C |
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Gran-Scheuch, A.; Ramos-Zuñiga, J.; Fuentes, E.; Bravo, D.; Pérez-Donoso, J.M. Effect of Co-contamination by PAHs and Heavy Metals on Bacterial Communities of Diesel Contaminated Soils of South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. Microorganisms 2020, 8, 1749. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8111749
Gran-Scheuch A, Ramos-Zuñiga J, Fuentes E, Bravo D, Pérez-Donoso JM. Effect of Co-contamination by PAHs and Heavy Metals on Bacterial Communities of Diesel Contaminated Soils of South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. Microorganisms. 2020; 8(11):1749. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8111749
Chicago/Turabian StyleGran-Scheuch, Alejandro, Javiera Ramos-Zuñiga, Edwar Fuentes, Denisse Bravo, and José M. Pérez-Donoso. 2020. "Effect of Co-contamination by PAHs and Heavy Metals on Bacterial Communities of Diesel Contaminated Soils of South Shetland Islands, Antarctica" Microorganisms 8, no. 11: 1749. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8111749