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Volume 8
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10.3390/microorganisms8101487
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Article

High Colonization Rate and Heterogeneity of ESBL- and Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae Isolated from Gull Feces in Lisbon, Portugal

by
Marta Aires-de-Sousa
1,2,3,
Claudine Fournier
1,
Elizeth Lopes
3,
Hermínia de Lencastre
3,4,
Patrice Nordmann
1,5 and
Laurent Poirel
1,5,*
1
Emerging Antibiotic Resistance Unit, Medical and Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
2
Escola Superior de Saúde da Cruz Vermelha Portuguesa, 1300 Lisbon, Portugal
3
Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780 Oeiras, Portugal
4
Laboratory of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
5
Swiss National Reference Center for Emerging Antibiotic Resistance (NARA), CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Microorganisms 2020, 8(10), 1487; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8101487
Submission received: 15 July 2020 / Revised: 23 September 2020 / Accepted: 26 September 2020 / Published: 28 September 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Deciphering the Crosswalk Dimension of Antibiotic Resistance between Different Reservoirs)
Versions Notes

Abstract

In order to evaluate whether seagulls living on the Lisbon coastline, Portugal, might be colonized and consequently represent potential spreaders of multidrug-resistant bacteria, a total of 88 gull fecal samples were screened for detection of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)- or carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and for vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE). A large proportion of samples yielded carbapenemase- or ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae (16% and 55%, respectively), while only two MRSA and two VRE were detected. Mating-out assays followed by PCR and whole-plasmid sequencing allowed to identify carbapenemase and ESBL encoding genes. Among 24 carbapenemase-producing isolates, there were mainly Klebsiella pneumoniae (50%) and Escherichia coli (33%). OXA-181 was the most common carbapenemase identified (54%), followed by OXA-48 (25%) and KPC-2 (17%). Ten different ESBLs were found among 62 ESBL-producing isolates, mainly being CTX-M-type enzymes (87%). Co-occurrence in single samples of multiple ESBL- and carbapenemase producers belonging to different bacterial species was observed in some cases. Seagulls constitute an important source for spreading multidrug-resistant bacteria in the environment and their gut microbiota a formidable microenvironment for transfer of resistance genes within bacterial species.
Keywords: carbapenemase; gulls; Portugal; ESBL; Enterobacteriaceae carbapenemase; gulls; Portugal; ESBL; Enterobacteriaceae

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MDPI and ACS Style

Aires-de-Sousa, M.; Fournier, C.; Lopes, E.; de Lencastre, H.; Nordmann, P.; Poirel, L. High Colonization Rate and Heterogeneity of ESBL- and Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae Isolated from Gull Feces in Lisbon, Portugal. Microorganisms 2020, 8, 1487. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8101487

AMA Style

Aires-de-Sousa M, Fournier C, Lopes E, de Lencastre H, Nordmann P, Poirel L. High Colonization Rate and Heterogeneity of ESBL- and Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae Isolated from Gull Feces in Lisbon, Portugal. Microorganisms. 2020; 8(10):1487. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8101487

Chicago/Turabian Style

Aires-de-Sousa, Marta, Claudine Fournier, Elizeth Lopes, Hermínia de Lencastre, Patrice Nordmann, and Laurent Poirel. 2020. "High Colonization Rate and Heterogeneity of ESBL- and Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae Isolated from Gull Feces in Lisbon, Portugal" Microorganisms 8, no. 10: 1487. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8101487

APA Style

Aires-de-Sousa, M., Fournier, C., Lopes, E., de Lencastre, H., Nordmann, P., & Poirel, L. (2020). High Colonization Rate and Heterogeneity of ESBL- and Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae Isolated from Gull Feces in Lisbon, Portugal. Microorganisms, 8(10), 1487. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8101487

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