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Microorganisms
Volume 7
Issue 9
10.3390/microorganisms7090283
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Brief Report

Changes in Oral Microbial Ecology of C57BL/6 Mice at Different Ages Associated with Sampling Methodology

by
Angélica Hernández-Arriaga
1,
Anja Baumann
2,
Otto W. Witte
3,
Christiane Frahm
3,
Ina Bergheim
2 and
Amélia Camarinha-Silva
1,*
1
Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
2
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
3
Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Microorganisms 2019, 7(9), 283; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7090283
Submission received: 17 June 2019 / Revised: 5 August 2019 / Accepted: 21 August 2019 / Published: 22 August 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Microbiota in Health and Disease)
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Abstract

The mouth is an important niche for bacterial colonization. Previous research used mouth microbiota to predict diseases like colon cancer and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It is still unclear how the sampling methodology influences microbial characterization. Our aim was to determine if the sampling methods, e.g., cotton swab or tissue biopsy, and the age influence the oral microbial composition of mice. Microbial DNA was extracted using a commercial kit and characterized targeting the 16s rRNA gene from mouth swabs and tissue biopsies from 2 and 15 months old C57BL/6 male mice kept in the same SPF facility. Our results show statistical different microbial community of the different ages, type of sampling, and the two fixed factors age x type of sample (p-value < 0.05). At the genus level, we identified that the genera Actinobacillus, Neisseria, Staphylococcus, and Streptococcus either increase or decrease in abundance depending on sampling and age. Additionally, the abundance of Streptococcus danieliae, Moraxella osloensis, and some unclassified Streptococcus was affected by the sampling method. While swab and tissue biopsies both identified the common colonizers of oral microbiota, cotton swabbing is a low-cost and practical method, validating the use of the swab as the preferred oral sampling approach.
Keywords: oral microbiota; oral swab; oral tissue biopsy; microbial ecology; aging; sampling methodologies oral microbiota; oral swab; oral tissue biopsy; microbial ecology; aging; sampling methodologies

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MDPI and ACS Style

Hernández-Arriaga, A.; Baumann, A.; Witte, O.W.; Frahm, C.; Bergheim, I.; Camarinha-Silva, A. Changes in Oral Microbial Ecology of C57BL/6 Mice at Different Ages Associated with Sampling Methodology. Microorganisms 2019, 7, 283. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7090283

AMA Style

Hernández-Arriaga A, Baumann A, Witte OW, Frahm C, Bergheim I, Camarinha-Silva A. Changes in Oral Microbial Ecology of C57BL/6 Mice at Different Ages Associated with Sampling Methodology. Microorganisms. 2019; 7(9):283. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7090283

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hernández-Arriaga, Angélica, Anja Baumann, Otto W. Witte, Christiane Frahm, Ina Bergheim, and Amélia Camarinha-Silva. 2019. "Changes in Oral Microbial Ecology of C57BL/6 Mice at Different Ages Associated with Sampling Methodology" Microorganisms 7, no. 9: 283. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7090283

APA Style

Hernández-Arriaga, A., Baumann, A., Witte, O. W., Frahm, C., Bergheim, I., & Camarinha-Silva, A. (2019). Changes in Oral Microbial Ecology of C57BL/6 Mice at Different Ages Associated with Sampling Methodology. Microorganisms, 7(9), 283. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7090283

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