Short Communication: Preliminary Differences Identified in Genes Responsible for Biofilm Formation in Poultry Isolates of Salmonella enterica Heidelberg, Enteritidis, and Kentucky
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Bacterial Strains and Pellicle Formation
2.2. Quantitative Reverse-Transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR) Assay
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. CsgD Expression
3.2. BcsA Expression
3.3. Ratio of csgD to bcsA Expression
4. Discussion and Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Day | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |
CsgD nCT | 2.157 ± 0.231 ab | 2.346 ± 0.285 ab | 1.641 ± 0.242 bc | 1.151 ± 0.226 c | 2.884 ± 0.387 a |
Day | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |
S. Enteritidis | |||||
38-0086 | 0.788 ± 0.139 abc | 1.442 ± 0.190 abc | 0.667 ± 0.21 bc | 0.53 ± 0.385 bc | −0.28 ± 0.24 c |
38-0087 | 0.887 ± 0.227 abc | 0.218 ± 0.553 bc | 1.843 ± 0.472 abc | 0.722 ± 0.437 abc | 3.449 ± 1.545 a |
38-0088 | 0.762 ± 0.108 abc | 1.328 ± 0.389 abc | 0.438 ± 0.284 bc | 0.057 ± 0.141 c | 3.008 ± 1.142 ab |
S. Heidelberg | |||||
38-0126 | 3.617 ± 0.461 abc | 3.267 ± 0.565 abcd | 1.767 ± 0.317 bcde | 1.552 ± 0.451 bcde | 2.002 ± 0.374 bcde |
38-0127 | 2.575 ± 0.452 abcde | 2.43 ± 0.81 abcde | 0.86 ± 0.305 de | 1.794 ± 0.261 bcde | 4.928 ± 0.956 a |
38-0128 | 2.483 ± 0.111 abcde | 4.182 ± 0.928 ab | 1.363 ± 0.343 cde | 0.155 ± 0.876 e | 1.383 ± 0.152 bcde |
S. Kentucky | |||||
38-0055 | 4.333 ± 0.904 ab | 4.425 ± 1.476 ab | 3.898 ± 1.714 ab | 3.313 ± 1.33 ab | 2.538 ± 0.474 ab |
38-0084 | 2.955 ± 0.068 ab | 1.752 ± 0.235 b | 1.628 ± 0.263 b | 0.719 ± 0.117 b | 2.186 ± 0.421 b |
38-0085 | 4.256 ± 0.692 ab | 2.068 ± 0.296 b | 2.308 ± 0.427 b | 1.522 ± 0.155 b | 6.809 ± 1.114 a |
Day | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |
BcsA nCT | 0.766 ± 0.138 c | 1.815 ± 0.273 ab | 0.932 ± 0.219 bc | 0.766 ± 0.22 c | 2.217 ± 0.319 a |
Day | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |
S. Enteritidis | |||||
38-0086 | −0.115 ± 0.101 b | 0.645 ± 0.275 b | 0.557 ± 0.175 b | 0.558 ± 0.354 b | 0.059 ± 0.105 b |
38-0087 | 0.107 ± 0.296 b | 0.742 ± 0.423 b | 1.14 ± 0.315 b | 1.022 ± 0.402 b | 4.089 ± 1.521 a |
38-0088 | −0.372 ± 0.175 b | 0.823 ± 0.467 b | 0.343 ± 0.184 b | −0.103 ± 0.314 b | 2.247 ± 1.105 ab |
S. Heidelberg | |||||
38-0126 | 1.948 ± 0.284 bc | 2.313 ± 0.39 b | 0.852 ± 0.219 bc | 0.392 ± 0.513 c | 1.097 ± 0.124 bc |
38-0127 | 1.133 ± 0.162 bc | 1.39 ± 0.402 bc | 0.702 ± 0.118 bc | 1.433 ± 0.39 bc | 4.281 ± 0.4 a |
38-0128 | 1.098 ± 0.194 bc | 4.263 ± 0.961 a | 0.899 ± 0.321 bc | 2.017 ± 0.071 bc | 1.39 ± 0.068 bc |
S. Kentucky | |||||
38-0055 | 1.403 ± 0.688 abc | 3.842 ± 1.511 ab | 3.382 ± 1.982 abc | 2.228 ± 1.805 abc | 1.134 ± 0.159 abc |
38-0084 | 0.727 ± 0.128 abc | 0.938 ± 0.26 abc | 0.332 ± 0.16 bc | −0.359 ± 0.126 c | 1.126 ± 0.149 abc |
38-0085 | 0.963 ± 0.361 abc | 1.378 ± 0.183 abc | 0.587 ± 0.302 abc | 0.16 ± 0.192 bc | 4.532 ± 1.237 a |
Day | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |
S. Enteritidis | −0.230 ± 1.450 b | 1.485 ± 2.126 b | −0.696 ± 1.808 b | 0.741 ± 0.741 b | 0.768 ± 0.530 b |
S. Heidelberg | 2.575 ± 0.516 ab | 1.235 ± 0.472 b | 2.936 ± 0.963 ab | 0.2638 ± 0.620 b | 1.384 ± 0.205 b |
S. Kentucky | 9.400 ± 2.960 a | −1.083 ± 2.026 b | 0.406 ± 2.062 b | 2.101 ± 2.087 ab | 1.646 ± 0.227 b |
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Shi, Z.; Dittoe, D.K.; Feye, K.M.; Kogut, M.; Ricke, S.C. Short Communication: Preliminary Differences Identified in Genes Responsible for Biofilm Formation in Poultry Isolates of Salmonella enterica Heidelberg, Enteritidis, and Kentucky. Microorganisms 2019, 7, 196. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7070196
Shi Z, Dittoe DK, Feye KM, Kogut M, Ricke SC. Short Communication: Preliminary Differences Identified in Genes Responsible for Biofilm Formation in Poultry Isolates of Salmonella enterica Heidelberg, Enteritidis, and Kentucky. Microorganisms. 2019; 7(7):196. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7070196
Chicago/Turabian StyleShi, Zhaohao, Dana K. Dittoe, Kristina M. Feye, Mike Kogut, and Steven C. Ricke. 2019. "Short Communication: Preliminary Differences Identified in Genes Responsible for Biofilm Formation in Poultry Isolates of Salmonella enterica Heidelberg, Enteritidis, and Kentucky" Microorganisms 7, no. 7: 196. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7070196