What Happens in the Staphylococcal Nucleoid under Oxidative Stress?
1
Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
2
Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
3
Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Microorganisms 2019, 7(12), 631; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7120631
Received: 31 October 2019
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Revised: 27 November 2019
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Accepted: 27 November 2019
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Published: 29 November 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Bacterial Chromatin in Environmental Sensing, Adaptation and Evolution)
The evolutionary success of Staphylococcus aureus as an opportunistic human pathogen is largely attributed to its prominent abilities to cope with a variety of stresses and host bactericidal factors. Reactive oxygen species are important weapons in the host arsenal that inactivate phagocytosed pathogens, but S. aureus can survive in phagosomes and escape from phagocytic cells to establish infections. Molecular genetic analyses combined with atomic force microscopy have revealed that the MrgA protein (part of the Dps family of proteins) is induced specifically in response to oxidative stress and converts the nucleoid from the fibrous to the clogged state. This review collates a series of evidences on the staphylococcal nucleoid dynamics under oxidative stress, which is functionally and physically distinct from compacted Escherichia coli nucleoid under stationary phase. In addition, potential new roles of nucleoid clogging in the staphylococcal life cycle will be proposed.
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Keywords:
Staphylococcus aureus; Escherichia coli; oxidative stress; nucleoid; MrgA; Dps; nucleoid associated protein; atomic force microscopy
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MDPI and ACS Style
Morikawa, K.; Ushijima, Y.; Ohniwa, R.L.; Miyakoshi, M.; Takeyasu, K. What Happens in the Staphylococcal Nucleoid under Oxidative Stress? Microorganisms 2019, 7, 631. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7120631
AMA Style
Morikawa K, Ushijima Y, Ohniwa RL, Miyakoshi M, Takeyasu K. What Happens in the Staphylococcal Nucleoid under Oxidative Stress? Microorganisms. 2019; 7(12):631. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7120631
Chicago/Turabian StyleMorikawa, Kazuya, Yuri Ushijima, Ryosuke L. Ohniwa, Masatoshi Miyakoshi, and Kunio Takeyasu. 2019. "What Happens in the Staphylococcal Nucleoid under Oxidative Stress?" Microorganisms 7, no. 12: 631. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7120631
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