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Microorganisms
Volume 13
Issue 2
10.3390/microorganisms13020325
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Review

Antimicrobial Potential of Cannabinoids: A Scoping Review of the Past 5 Years

by
Maria João Coelho
1,*,
Maria Duarte Araújo
2,
Márcia Carvalho
1,3,
Inês Lopes Cardoso
1,
Maria Conceição Manso
1,3,* and
Cristina Pina
1
1
RISE-Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, Fernando Pessoa Teaching and Culture Foundation, Rua Carlos da Maia, 296, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
2
FCS-UFP, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde (Health Sciences Faculty), Fernando Pessoa University, Rua Carlos da Maia, 296, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
3
LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Microorganisms 2025, 13(2), 325; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13020325
Submission received: 27 October 2024 / Revised: 23 January 2025 / Accepted: 29 January 2025 / Published: 2 February 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Effects of Bioactive Compounds: Phytoproducts-Based Fight against Pathogens)
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Abstract

In the scenario of fighting bacterial resistance to antibiotics, natural products have been extensively investigated for their potential antibacterial activities. Among these, cannabinoids—bioactive compounds derived from cannabis—have garnered attention for their diverse biological activities, including anxiolytic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties. Emerging evidence suggests that cannabinoids may also possess significant antimicrobial properties, with potential applications in enhancing the efficacy of conventional antimicrobial agents. Therefore, this review examines evidence from the past five years on the antimicrobial properties of cannabinoids, focusing on underlying mechanisms such as microbial membrane disruption, immune response modulation, and interference with microbial virulence factors. In addition, their synergistic potential, when used alongside standard therapies, underscores their promise as a novel strategy to address drug resistance, although further research and clinical trials are needed to validate their therapeutic use. Overall, cannabinoids offer a promising avenue for the development of innovative treatments to combat drug-resistant infections and reduce the reliance on traditional antimicrobial agents.
Keywords: cannabinoids; cannabis; antimicrobial potential; antibacterial; antiviral; antifungal cannabinoids; cannabis; antimicrobial potential; antibacterial; antiviral; antifungal

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MDPI and ACS Style

Coelho, M.J.; Araújo, M.D.; Carvalho, M.; Cardoso, I.L.; Manso, M.C.; Pina, C. Antimicrobial Potential of Cannabinoids: A Scoping Review of the Past 5 Years. Microorganisms 2025, 13, 325. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13020325

AMA Style

Coelho MJ, Araújo MD, Carvalho M, Cardoso IL, Manso MC, Pina C. Antimicrobial Potential of Cannabinoids: A Scoping Review of the Past 5 Years. Microorganisms. 2025; 13(2):325. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13020325

Chicago/Turabian Style

Coelho, Maria João, Maria Duarte Araújo, Márcia Carvalho, Inês Lopes Cardoso, Maria Conceição Manso, and Cristina Pina. 2025. "Antimicrobial Potential of Cannabinoids: A Scoping Review of the Past 5 Years" Microorganisms 13, no. 2: 325. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13020325

APA Style

Coelho, M. J., Araújo, M. D., Carvalho, M., Cardoso, I. L., Manso, M. C., & Pina, C. (2025). Antimicrobial Potential of Cannabinoids: A Scoping Review of the Past 5 Years. Microorganisms, 13(2), 325. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13020325

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