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Volume 13
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Article

Exploratory Temporal and Evolutionary Insights into the Filoviridae Family Through Multiprotein Phylogeny

by
Thiago S. Messias
1,*,
Kaique C. P. Silva
1,2,3,
Narciso A. Vieira
4,
Gislaine A. Querino
5,
Elaine C. Marcos
5,
Mateus J. de C. Stefani
6,
Ana P. R. Battochio
3,
Thaís M. Oliveira
1,7,
Ivan S. Vieira
8,
Aline S. Ibanes
9,
Taylor E. T. Olivo
1,
Edson C. de Melo
1,
Silvia C. Arantes
1,
Pedro C. R. da Luz
10,
Maria G. R. Mengoa
11 and
Simone Soares
1,11
1
Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo, Rua Sílvio Marchione 3-20, Bauru 17012-900, SP, Brazil
2
Faculty of Medicine, Nove de Julho University, Rua Nicolau Assis, nº 15, Bauru 17011-102, SP, Brazil
3
Bauru Integrated Colleges, Rua José Santiago, nº 16-50, Bauru 17056-120, SP, Brazil
4
Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla 9-75, Bauru 17012-901, SP, Brazil
5
Lauro de Souza Lima Institute, Rodovia Comandante Joao Ribeiro de Barros km 225–226, Bauru 17034-971, SP, Brazil
6
Faculty of Logistics, Estácio de Sá University, R. Clara Vendramin 58—Mossunguê, Curitiba 81200-170, PR, Brazil
7
Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla 9-75, Bauru 17012-901, SP, Brazil
8
School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Botucatu n.º 740, Vila Clementino, São Paulo 04023-062, SP, Brazil
9
Emilio Ribas Institute of Infectology, Av. Dr Arnaldo, 165, Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo 01246-900, SP, Brazil
10
Diagnósticos do Brasil (DB Pathology Unit), Av. Victor Andrew 1470, Zona Industrial, Sorocaba 18086-390, SP, Brazil
11
Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla 9-75, Bauru 17012-901, SP, Brazil
 
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*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Microorganisms 2025, 13(10), 2388; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13102388
Submission received: 29 August 2025 / Revised: 4 October 2025 / Accepted: 14 October 2025 / Published: 17 October 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Viral Metagenomics)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Filoviruses are among the most lethal viral human pathogens known, with significant relevance to public health, yet their evolutionary history remains poorly resolved. This study applied a multiprotein molecular phylogenetic approach to investigate the evolutionary and temporal dynamics of the family Filoviridae. Amino acid sequences from the proteome and seven individual proteins (NP, VP35, VP40, GP, VP30, VP24, L) were analyzed using MEGA 12, with RelTime inference anchored on uniform calibrations, and integration of epidemiological data (cases, fatalities, case fatality). The phylogenetic reconstructions revealed robust topologies for most proteins, though selective pressures on GP, VP30 and VP40 generated more variable patterns. Temporal inferences supported the classification of filoviruses into three groups: an ancestral lineage (>1 MYA, fish- and reptile-associated), an intermediate lineage (BCE–1 MYA, bat-associated), and a contemporary lineage (CE, ebolaviruses and marburgviruses). VP30 and VP40 showed consistent associations with epidemiological outcomes in Orthoebolavirus zairense, suggesting their interplay may underlie enhanced dispersal and virulence. Contrariwise, Orthoebolavirus restonense emerged as a natural counterpoint for comparison with other potential human pathogenic filoviruses. Taken together, these findings highlight that filoviral evolution is intrinsically linked not only to viral biology but also to the ecology and history of their hosts.
Keywords: filoviridae; ebolavirus; marburgvirus; phylogeny; biological evolution filoviridae; ebolavirus; marburgvirus; phylogeny; biological evolution

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Messias, T.S.; Silva, K.C.P.; Vieira, N.A.; Querino, G.A.; Marcos, E.C.; Stefani, M.J.d.C.; Battochio, A.P.R.; Oliveira, T.M.; Vieira, I.S.; Ibanes, A.S.; et al. Exploratory Temporal and Evolutionary Insights into the Filoviridae Family Through Multiprotein Phylogeny. Microorganisms 2025, 13, 2388. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13102388

AMA Style

Messias TS, Silva KCP, Vieira NA, Querino GA, Marcos EC, Stefani MJdC, Battochio APR, Oliveira TM, Vieira IS, Ibanes AS, et al. Exploratory Temporal and Evolutionary Insights into the Filoviridae Family Through Multiprotein Phylogeny. Microorganisms. 2025; 13(10):2388. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13102388

Chicago/Turabian Style

Messias, Thiago S., Kaique C. P. Silva, Narciso A. Vieira, Gislaine A. Querino, Elaine C. Marcos, Mateus J. de C. Stefani, Ana P. R. Battochio, Thaís M. Oliveira, Ivan S. Vieira, Aline S. Ibanes, and et al. 2025. "Exploratory Temporal and Evolutionary Insights into the Filoviridae Family Through Multiprotein Phylogeny" Microorganisms 13, no. 10: 2388. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13102388

APA Style

Messias, T. S., Silva, K. C. P., Vieira, N. A., Querino, G. A., Marcos, E. C., Stefani, M. J. d. C., Battochio, A. P. R., Oliveira, T. M., Vieira, I. S., Ibanes, A. S., Olivo, T. E. T., Melo, E. C. d., Arantes, S. C., Luz, P. C. R. d., Mengoa, M. G. R., & Soares, S. (2025). Exploratory Temporal and Evolutionary Insights into the Filoviridae Family Through Multiprotein Phylogeny. Microorganisms, 13(10), 2388. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13102388

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