First Records of Possibly Human Pathogenic Rickettsia Species in Bat Ticks, Carios vespertilionis, in Sweden
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sampling, Analyses, and Processing of Ticks
2.2. Detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum
2.3. Detection of Babesia Species
2.4. Detection of Neoehrlichia mikurensis
2.5. Detection of TBEV
2.6. Detection of Rickettsia and Determination of Species
2.7. Phylogenetic Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Number of Ticks Collected
3.2. Prevalence of Rickettsia
3.3. Sequencing of PCR Products and Phylogenetic Sequence Analysis
3.4. Prevalence of Other Tick-Borne Microorganisms
3.5. Co-Infections
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Pathogen | Species | Country | Reference(s) |
---|---|---|---|
Borrelia | Borrelia sp. CPB1 | France, Sweden | [7,8] |
Bartonella | Hungary | [9] | |
Babesia | Hungary, Romania, Italy, Kenya, Vietnam, China Finland, UK | [10] [11] | |
Ehrlichia | Ehrlichia sp. AvBat Ehrlichia spp. | France United Kingdom | [8] [11] |
Rickettsia | Rickettsia sp. AvBat | France | [8] |
SFG Rickettsia | United Kingdom | [11] | |
Rickettsia helvetica | China | [9] | |
Rickettsia africae-like | Hungary | [9] | |
Rickettsia raoultii, Rickettsia rickettsii | China | [12] |
Organism | Target | Primer/Probe Name | Sequence (5′-3′) | Amplicon Length (bp) | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
A. phagocytophilum | gltA | ApF | TTTTGGGCGCTGAATACGAT | 64 | [13] |
ApR | TCTCGAGGGAATGATCTAATAACGT | ||||
ApM | FAM-TGCCTGAACAAGTTATG-BHQ1 | ||||
Babesia spp. | 18S rRNA | BJ1 | GTCTTGTAATTGGAATGATGG | 411–452 | [14] |
BN2 | TAGTTTATGGTTAGGACTACG | ||||
N. mikurensis | 16S rRNA | Neo_16S_F | GTAAAGGGCATGTAGGCGGTTTAA | 107 | [15] |
Neo_16S_R | TCCACTATCCTCTCTCGATCTCTAGTT TAA | ||||
11,054–1112 a | F-TBE 1 | GGGCGGTTCTTGTTCTCC | 68 | [16] | |
TBEV | R-TBE 1 | ACACATCACCTCCTTGTCAGACT | |||
TBE-probe-WT | FAM-TGAGCCACCATCACCCAG ACACA-BHQ1 | ||||
1329–1416 a | TBEE-F6 | GGCTTGTGAGGCAAAAAAGAA | 88 | [17] | |
TBEE-R2 | TCCCGTGTGTGGTTCGACTT | ||||
TBEE-P4 | HEX-AAGCCACAGGACATGTGTACG ACGCC-BHQ1 | ||||
Rickettsia spp. | gltA | CS-F | TCGCAAATGTTCACGGTACTTT | 74 | [18] |
CS-R | TCGTGCATTTCTTTCCATTGTG | ||||
CS-P | FAM-TGCAATAGCAAGAACCGTAGG CTGGATG-BHQ1 | ||||
17 kDa | Rr17kDa.61p | GCTCTTGCAACTTCTATGTT | 434 | [19] | |
Rr17kDa.492n | CATTGTTCGTCAGGTTGGCG | ||||
ompB | Rc.rompB.4362p | GTCAGCGTTACTTCTTCGATGC | 475 | [20] | |
Rc.rompB.4836n | CCGTACTCCATCTTAGCATCAG | ||||
Rc.rompB.4496p | CCAATGGCAGGACTTAGCTACT | 267 | |||
Rc.rompB.4762n | AGGCTGGCTGATACACGGAGTAA | ||||
gltA (I) | RH314 | AAACAGGTTGCTCATCATTC | 832 | [21] | |
CSF-R | AAGTACCGTGAACATTTGCGA | ||||
CS-Ric-R | CAGTGAACATTTGCGACGGTA | ||||
CS535d | GCAATGTCTTATAAATATTC | SP | |||
gltA (II) | Forward | GGCTAATGAAGCGGTAATAA ATATGCTT | 341 | [22] | |
Reverse | TTTGCGACGGTATACCCATAGC | ||||
ompA | Forward | CACYACCTCAACCGCAGC | 438–444 | [22] | |
Reverse | AAAGTTA TATTTCCTAAACCYGTATAAKTATCRGC | ||||
16S rRNA | Forward | TAAGGAGGTAATCCAGCC | 1482–1483 | [22] | |
Reverse | CCTG GCTCAGAACGAA |
Developmental Stage | No. of Examined Ticks | Rickettsia spp. | A. phagocytophilum | N. mikurensis | Babesia spp. | TBEV |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Larva | 31 | 17 (56.7) | ||||
Nymph | 48 | 27 (56.3) | ||||
Adult a | 13 | 10 (77.0) | ||||
Total | 92 | 54 (58.7) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Gene | No. of Successfully Sequenced Samples | Sample | Species | Identity |
---|---|---|---|---|
17 kDa | 32/54 | Rickettsia sp. AvBat 17 kDa | R. rickettsii | 100% (434/434) |
gltA (I) | 43/54 | Rickettsia sp. AvBat gltA | R. parkeri | 100% (795/795) |
ompA | 9/47 * | Rickettsia sp. AvBat ompA | R. parkeri | 100% (305/305) |
ompB | 49/54 | Rickettsia sp. AvBat ompB | R. parkeri, R. slovaca, R. conorii, R. sibirica subsp. mongolotimonae | 100% (250/250) |
Rickettsia sp. AvBat ompB nymph 229 Uppland 2018 | R. parkeri, R. slovaca, R. conorii, R. sibirica subsp. mongolotimonae | 99.6% (251/252) | ||
Rickettsia sp. AvBat ompB nymph 191 Uppland 2018 | R. parkeri, R. slovaca, R. conorii, R. sibirica subsp. mongolotimonae | 98.8% (249/252) | ||
gltA (II) | 1/47 * | Rickettsia sp. AvBat gltA adult 179 Uppland 2018 | R. parkeri | 100% (333/333) |
rrs | 4/47 * | Rickettsia sp. AvBat rrs | uncultured Rickettsia species | 100% (1256/1356) |
Rickettsia sp. AvBat rrs nymph 159 Uppland 2018 | uncultured Rickettsia species | 99.4% (1248/1256) | ||
Rickettsia sp. AvBat rrs nymph 161 Uppland 2018 | R. conorii | 94.7% (1325/1399) |
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Tompa, E.; Jaenson, T.G.T.; Wilhelmsson, P. First Records of Possibly Human Pathogenic Rickettsia Species in Bat Ticks, Carios vespertilionis, in Sweden. Microorganisms 2023, 11, 357. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11020357
Tompa E, Jaenson TGT, Wilhelmsson P. First Records of Possibly Human Pathogenic Rickettsia Species in Bat Ticks, Carios vespertilionis, in Sweden. Microorganisms. 2023; 11(2):357. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11020357
Chicago/Turabian StyleTompa, Eszter, Thomas G. T. Jaenson, and Peter Wilhelmsson. 2023. "First Records of Possibly Human Pathogenic Rickettsia Species in Bat Ticks, Carios vespertilionis, in Sweden" Microorganisms 11, no. 2: 357. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11020357
APA StyleTompa, E., Jaenson, T. G. T., & Wilhelmsson, P. (2023). First Records of Possibly Human Pathogenic Rickettsia Species in Bat Ticks, Carios vespertilionis, in Sweden. Microorganisms, 11(2), 357. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11020357