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10.3390/microorganisms11010049
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Article

Effect of pH and Carbon Source on Phosphate Solubilization by Bacterial Strains in Pikovskaya Medium

by
Ma. Esther Sanchez-Gonzalez
1,
Martha E. Mora-Herrera
2,
Arnoldo Wong-Villarreal
3,
Nadia De La Portilla-López
1,
Laura Sanchez-Paz
1,
Jorge Lugo
1,
Rocio Vaca-Paulín
1,
Pedro Del Aguila
1 and
Gustavo Yañez-Ocampo
1,*
1
Laboratory of Edaphology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, Toluca 50000, Mexico
2
Tenancingo Universitary Center, Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, Toluca 50000, Mexico
3
Agrifood Division, Technological University of the Forest, Ocosingo 29950, Mexico
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Microorganisms 2023, 11(1), 49; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11010049
Submission received: 1 November 2022 / Revised: 13 December 2022 / Accepted: 19 December 2022 / Published: 23 December 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microbial Biotechnology in Agriculture)
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Abstract

Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) transform precipitated inorganic phosphorus into soluble orthophosphates. This study evaluated the efficiency of tricalcium and iron phosphate solubilization in Pikovskaya medium using five bacterial strains (A1, A2, A3, A5, and A6) cultured in acidic and alkaline pH levels. The bacterial strain that proved to be more efficient for P solubilization and was tolerant to pH variations was selected for assessing bacterial growth and P solubilization with glucose and sucrose in the culture medium. The bacterial strains were identified through 16S rRNA gene sequencing as Pseudomonas libanensis A1, Pseudomonas libanensis (A2), Bacillus pumilus (A3), Pseudomonas libanensis (A5), and Bacillus siamensis (A6). These five bacterial strains grew, tolerated pH changes, and solubilized inorganic phosphorus. The bacterial strain A3 solubilized FePO4 (4 mg L−1) and Ca3(PO4)2 (50 mg L−1). P solubilization was assayed with glucose and sucrose as carbon sources for A3 (Bacillus pumilus MN100586). After four culture days, Ca3(PO4)2 was solubilized, reaching 246 mg L−1 with sucrose in culture media. Using glucose as a carbon source, FePO4 was solubilized and reached 282 mg L−1 in six culture days. Our findings were: Pseudomonas libanensis, and Bacillus siamensis, as new bacteria, can be reported as P solubilizers with tolerance to acidic or alkaline pH levels. The bacterial strain B. pumilus grew using two sources of inorganic phosphorus and carbon, and it tolerated pH changes. For that reason, it is an ideal candidate for inorganic phosphorus solubilization and future production as a biofertilizer.
Keywords: Bacillus pumilus; biofertilizer; soluble phosphorus; Pikovskaya medium; sucrose Bacillus pumilus; biofertilizer; soluble phosphorus; Pikovskaya medium; sucrose

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MDPI and ACS Style

Sanchez-Gonzalez, M.E.; Mora-Herrera, M.E.; Wong-Villarreal, A.; De La Portilla-López, N.; Sanchez-Paz, L.; Lugo, J.; Vaca-Paulín, R.; Del Aguila, P.; Yañez-Ocampo, G. Effect of pH and Carbon Source on Phosphate Solubilization by Bacterial Strains in Pikovskaya Medium. Microorganisms 2023, 11, 49. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11010049

AMA Style

Sanchez-Gonzalez ME, Mora-Herrera ME, Wong-Villarreal A, De La Portilla-López N, Sanchez-Paz L, Lugo J, Vaca-Paulín R, Del Aguila P, Yañez-Ocampo G. Effect of pH and Carbon Source on Phosphate Solubilization by Bacterial Strains in Pikovskaya Medium. Microorganisms. 2023; 11(1):49. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11010049

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sanchez-Gonzalez, Ma. Esther, Martha E. Mora-Herrera, Arnoldo Wong-Villarreal, Nadia De La Portilla-López, Laura Sanchez-Paz, Jorge Lugo, Rocio Vaca-Paulín, Pedro Del Aguila, and Gustavo Yañez-Ocampo. 2023. "Effect of pH and Carbon Source on Phosphate Solubilization by Bacterial Strains in Pikovskaya Medium" Microorganisms 11, no. 1: 49. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11010049

APA Style

Sanchez-Gonzalez, M. E., Mora-Herrera, M. E., Wong-Villarreal, A., De La Portilla-López, N., Sanchez-Paz, L., Lugo, J., Vaca-Paulín, R., Del Aguila, P., & Yañez-Ocampo, G. (2023). Effect of pH and Carbon Source on Phosphate Solubilization by Bacterial Strains in Pikovskaya Medium. Microorganisms, 11(1), 49. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11010049

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