Screening of Bacteria Inhibiting Clostridium perfringens and Assessment of Their Beneficial Effects In Vitro and In Vivo with Whole Genome Sequencing Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Isolation of Microbes from JinHua Pig Intestines
2.2. Bacterial Strains Preparation
2.3. Preparation of Culture Supernatant and Agar-Well Diffusion Method
2.4. Identification of the Selected Isolates by 16S rRNA Sequencing
2.5. Growth Characteristics, Acid, Bile Salts and Trypsin Tolerance
2.6. Suppress Pathogen Adhesion to IPEC-J2 Cell
2.7. Whole Genome Sequencing and Analysis
2.8. Animal Experiment
2.9. Sample Collection and Treatment
2.10. Bacteria Enumeration of Ileum and Cecum
2.11. Determination of Inflammatory Cytokines, Immunoglobulin, DAO, and DLA Concentrations
2.12. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Pathogen Inhibition Using Well Diffusion Assay
3.2. Phenotypic Characteristics of Isolated Strains
3.3. Adhesion of Isolated Strains to IPEC-J2
3.4. Whole-Genome Sequence of the Isolated Probiotics
3.5. Effect of Isolated Probiotics Administration on the Mice
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Target | Primer Sequence (5′ to 3′) | Amplicon Size, bp | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
Clostridium perfringens | F: ATGCAAGTCGAGCGAKG R: TATGCGGTATTAATCTYCCTTT | 105 | [35] |
Lactobacillus subgroup | F: AGCAGTAGGGAATCTTCCA R: CACCGCTACACATGGAG | 341 | [35] |
Escherichia subgroup | F: GTTAATACCTTTGCTCATTGA R: ACCAGGGTATCTAATCCTGT | 340 | [35] |
Strains | 16S rRNA Identity | Scaffold Number | Genome Size (bp) | GC % | N50 (bp) | Sequencing Depth (x) | Completeness (%) | Genebank Accession Number |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PP31 | Pediococcuspentosaceus | 36 | 1818617 | 37.3 | 260845 | 659.14 | 97.3 | ON228197 |
BA11 | Bacillus amyloliquefaciens | 36 | 3927418 | 46.42 | 565069 | 317.09 | 99.3 | ON227093 |
BA40 | Bacillus amyloliquefaciens | 143 | 3969383 | 46.4 | 382464 | 322.08 | 99.3 | ON227058 |
BV5 | Bacillus velezensis | 36 | 3867471 | 46.49 | 608593 | 328.7 | 99.3 | ON227128 |
Strains | Cluster Type | MIBiG Accession | Similarity | Location (Start–End) | Gene Number |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
PP31 | Coagulin | BGC0000617 | 40% | 14107–19888 | 6 |
BA11 | Bacillaene | BGC0001089 | 100% | 142968–252589 | 52 |
Macrolactin H | BGC0000181 | 100% | 471746–559949 | 44 | |
Bacilysin | BGC0001184 | 100% | 514804–556223 | 42 | |
Bacillibactin | BGC0000309 | 100% | 73512–122977 | 44 | |
Difficidin | BGC0000176 | 53% | 131390–177054 | 31 | |
Locillomycin | BGC0001005 | 35% | 23265–45904 | 20 | |
Fengycin | BGC0001095 | 20% | 1–13205 | 3 | |
BA40 | Bacillibactin | BGC0000309 | 100% | 73491–125283 | 45 |
Bacilysin | BGC0001184 | 100% | 661592–703011 | 42 | |
Macrolactin H | BGC0000181 | 100% | 53617–141453 | 44 | |
Bacillaene | BGC0001089 | 100% | 360981–470835 | 52 | |
Fengycin | BGC0001095 | 80% | 535580–623198 | 46 | |
Difficidin | BGC0000176 | 46% | 273837–319624 | 30 | |
Plipastatin | BGC0000407 | 30% | 1–13991 | 12 | |
BV5 | Macrolactin H | BGC0000181 | 100% | 507723–595523 | 44 |
Bacilysin | BGC0001184 | 100% | 265403–306822 | 43 | |
Mersacidin | BGC0000527 | 100% | 443880–467069 | 19 | |
Amylocyclicin | BGC0000616 | 100% | 118402–125992 | 9 | |
Fengycin | BGC0001095 | 80% | 1–86692 | 46 | |
Bacillaene | BGC0001089 | 71% | 817963–854795 | 25 | |
Difficidin | BGC0000176 | 53% | 1–45718 | 30 | |
Surfactin | BGC0000433 | 39% | 681718–707084 | 22 |
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Jiang, Z.; Su, W.; Yang, M.; Li, W.; Gong, T.; Zhang, Y.; Wen, C.; Wang, X.; Wang, Y.; Jin, M.; et al. Screening of Bacteria Inhibiting Clostridium perfringens and Assessment of Their Beneficial Effects In Vitro and In Vivo with Whole Genome Sequencing Analysis. Microorganisms 2022, 10, 2056. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10102056
Jiang Z, Su W, Yang M, Li W, Gong T, Zhang Y, Wen C, Wang X, Wang Y, Jin M, et al. Screening of Bacteria Inhibiting Clostridium perfringens and Assessment of Their Beneficial Effects In Vitro and In Vivo with Whole Genome Sequencing Analysis. Microorganisms. 2022; 10(10):2056. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10102056
Chicago/Turabian StyleJiang, Zipeng, Weifa Su, Mingzhi Yang, Wentao Li, Tao Gong, Yu Zhang, Chaoyue Wen, Xinxia Wang, Yizhen Wang, Mingliang Jin, and et al. 2022. "Screening of Bacteria Inhibiting Clostridium perfringens and Assessment of Their Beneficial Effects In Vitro and In Vivo with Whole Genome Sequencing Analysis" Microorganisms 10, no. 10: 2056. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10102056