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Actuators
Volume 14
Issue 9
10.3390/act14090416
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Master Cylinder Pressure Control Based on Piecewise-SMC in Electro-Hydraulic Brake System

by
Cong Liang
1,
Xing Xu
1,*,
Hui Deng
1,
Chuanlin He
1,
Long Chen
1 and
Yan Wang
2
1
Automotive Engineering Research Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
2
Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Actuators 2025, 14(9), 416; https://doi.org/10.3390/act14090416
Submission received: 16 June 2025 / Revised: 13 August 2025 / Accepted: 22 August 2025 / Published: 24 August 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Actuator Fault Diagnosis, State Detection and Fault Tolerant Control for Ground and Rail Vehicles)
Versions Notes

Abstract

This paper focuses on enhancing master cylinder pressure control in pressure-sensorless Electro-Hydraulic Brake (EHB) systems. A novel control strategy is developed, integrating a Piecewise Sliding Mode Controller (Piecewise-SMC) with an Extended Sliding Mode Observer (ESMO) based on a newly derived pressure–position–velocity model that accounts for rack position and velocity effects. To handle external disturbances and parameter uncertainties, the ESMO provides accurate pressure estimation. The nonlinear EHB model is approximated piecewise linearly to facilitate controller design. The proposed Piecewise-SMC regulates motor torque to achieve precise pressure tracking. Experimental validation under step-change braking conditions demonstrates that the Piecewise-SMC reduces response time by 31.8%, overshoot by 35.8%, and tracking root mean square error by 9.6% compared to traditional SMC, confirming its effectiveness and robustness for pressure-sensorless EHB applications.
Keywords: EHB; pressure estimation; piecewise modeling; sliding mode control; pressure– position–velocity characteristics EHB; pressure estimation; piecewise modeling; sliding mode control; pressure– position–velocity characteristics

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MDPI and ACS Style

Liang, C.; Xu, X.; Deng, H.; He, C.; Chen, L.; Wang, Y. Master Cylinder Pressure Control Based on Piecewise-SMC in Electro-Hydraulic Brake System. Actuators 2025, 14, 416. https://doi.org/10.3390/act14090416

AMA Style

Liang C, Xu X, Deng H, He C, Chen L, Wang Y. Master Cylinder Pressure Control Based on Piecewise-SMC in Electro-Hydraulic Brake System. Actuators. 2025; 14(9):416. https://doi.org/10.3390/act14090416

Chicago/Turabian Style

Liang, Cong, Xing Xu, Hui Deng, Chuanlin He, Long Chen, and Yan Wang. 2025. "Master Cylinder Pressure Control Based on Piecewise-SMC in Electro-Hydraulic Brake System" Actuators 14, no. 9: 416. https://doi.org/10.3390/act14090416

APA Style

Liang, C., Xu, X., Deng, H., He, C., Chen, L., & Wang, Y. (2025). Master Cylinder Pressure Control Based on Piecewise-SMC in Electro-Hydraulic Brake System. Actuators, 14(9), 416. https://doi.org/10.3390/act14090416

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