Rat Cytomegalovirus Virion-Associated Proteins R131 and R129 Are Necessary for Infection of Macrophages and Dendritic Cells
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Regulation of Host-Cell Signaling and Trafficking by CMV-Encoded Chemokine Receptors
1.2. CMV-Encoded Chemokines Regulate Cellular Migration
1.3. Role of CMV-Encoded Chemokines in Viral Entry
2. Results
2.1. C’terminal Truncations of R131 and R129 Fail to Incorporate into RCMV Particles
2.2. R131 and R129 are Required for Entry into Bone Marrow Cells, Dendritic Cells, and Macrophages
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Name | Known Receptors | Possible Homologues | Functions | Classification | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
UL128 | R129 receptors: CCR3, CCR4, CCR5, CCR7 | R129/m129 | Entry, regulation of leukocyte recruitment | CC | [13,14,15] |
UL130 | Unknown | R131/m131 | Entry, Macrophage recruitment, promotion of inflammation, viral dissemination | XC | [15,16,17] |
UL146 | CXCR1, CXCR2 | No known homologues in RCMV or MCMV | Neutrophil recruitment, viral dissemination | CXC | [18,19,20] |
UL147 | Unknown | No known homologues in RCMV or MCMV | No known function | CXC | [20] |
RCMV- vXCL1 | XCR1 | Dendritic Cell Recruitment | C | [20] | |
MCMV - MCK-2 | CCR-2 | eCK-2, RCK-2 | Slow viral clearance | CC | [15,21,22] |
RCK-3 | Unknown | Unknown | CC | [15,16,22,23] |
Name | Known Ligands | Possible Homologues | Function | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
US27 | Unknown | RhCMV -214, -215, -216, -218, -220 | No known functions | [24] |
US28 | CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CX3CL1 | RhCMV -214, -215, -216, -218, -220 | Immune modulation, viral entry or cell tropism, cellular migration, signaling, viral latency and reactivation | [24,25] |
UL33 | β-chemokine receptor; m33 ligands: mCCL5 | R33/M33 | CREB activation, cell migration, necessary for replication in vivo | [15,26,27] |
UL78 | Unknown | R78, M78, homologues present in all CMVs | Viral replication | [15,28] |
Putative Pentamer Components | Fibroblasts | Macrophages & Monocytes | Endothelial Cells | Epithelial Cells | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Human CMV | gH/gL/UL128/UL130/UL131A | Not required | Required | Required | Required |
Rhesus CMV | gH/gL/Rh157.5/Rh157.4/Rh157.6 | Not required | ? | Required | Required |
Guinea Pig CMV | gH/gL/GP129/GP131/GP133 | Not required | Required | Required | Impaired entry |
Mouse CMV | gH/gL/MCK-2 | Not required | Required | ? | Not required |
Rat CMV | gH/gL/R129/R131/? | Not required | Required | ? | Impaired entry |
RFL6 | vSMC | Epithelial Cells | Bone Marrow | BMDC | BMDM | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Uninfected | 806.3 | 550.0 | 395.3 | 151.3 | 586.7 | 77.7 |
WT | 801.0 | 524.3 | 429.3 | 270.3 | 528.3 | 78.0 |
R131 2 × STOP | 614.0 | 457.0 | 411.0 | 154.3 | 560.7 | 163.7 |
R131 C36A | 804.3 | 12.3 | 434.7 | 269.7 | 747.7 | 88.7 |
R131 ΔCT | 781.0 | 645.0 | 466.7 | 123.7 | 563.0 | 63.3 |
R129 2 × STOP | 813.7 | 14.3 | 392.7 | 55.0 | 676.3 | 241.7 |
R129 ΔCT | 735.3 | 468.7 | 394.3 | 153.7 | 671.3 | 87.7 |
2×/2× STOP | 839.0 | 403.7 | 424.3 | 203.3 | 601.3 | 228.0 |
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Jones, I.K.A.; Haese, N.N.; Gatault, P.; Streblow, Z.J.; Andoh, T.F.; Denton, M.; Streblow, C.E.; Bonin, K.; Kreklywich, C.N.; Burg, J.M.; et al. Rat Cytomegalovirus Virion-Associated Proteins R131 and R129 Are Necessary for Infection of Macrophages and Dendritic Cells. Pathogens 2020, 9, 963. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9110963
Jones IKA, Haese NN, Gatault P, Streblow ZJ, Andoh TF, Denton M, Streblow CE, Bonin K, Kreklywich CN, Burg JM, et al. Rat Cytomegalovirus Virion-Associated Proteins R131 and R129 Are Necessary for Infection of Macrophages and Dendritic Cells. Pathogens. 2020; 9(11):963. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9110963
Chicago/Turabian StyleJones, Iris K. A., Nicole N. Haese, Philippe Gatault, Zachary J. Streblow, Takeshi F. Andoh, Michael Denton, Cassilyn E. Streblow, Kiley Bonin, Craig N. Kreklywich, Jennifer M. Burg, and et al. 2020. "Rat Cytomegalovirus Virion-Associated Proteins R131 and R129 Are Necessary for Infection of Macrophages and Dendritic Cells" Pathogens 9, no. 11: 963. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9110963