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Pathogens
Volume 9
Issue 11
10.3390/pathogens9110920
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Article

Prevalence, Intensity, and Correlates of Schistosomiasis and Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections after Five Rounds of Preventive Chemotherapy among School Children in Southern Ethiopia

by
Tigist Dires Gebreyesus
1,2,
Tafesse Tadele
3,
Kalkidan Mekete
4,
Abbie Barry
1,
Habtamu Gashaw
2,
Workagegnehu Degefe
2,
Birkneh Tilahun Tadesse
1,3,
Heran Gerba
2,
Parthasarathi Gurumurthy
5,
Eyasu Makonnen
6,7 and
Eleni Aklillu
1,*
1
Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge,14186 Stockholm, Sweden
2
Ethiopian Food and Drug Authority, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 5681, Ethiopia
3
College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa P.O. Box 1560, Ethiopia
4
Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 1242, Ethiopia
5
Pharmacovigilance and Clinical Trials, Botswana Medicines Regulatory Authority, Gaborone P.O. Box 505155, Botswana
6
Center for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 9086, Ethiopia
7
Departments of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 9086, Ethiopia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Pathogens 2020, 9(11), 920; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9110920
Received: 16 October 2020 / Revised: 2 November 2020 / Accepted: 3 November 2020 / Published: 6 November 2020
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Abstract

Preventive chemotherapy (PC) is a WHO-recommended strategy to control and eliminate schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminths (STHs). We assessed the prevalence, intensity, and correlates of schistosomiasis and STH infection after five rounds of PC in southern Ethiopia. A total of 3162 school children from four schools in Wondo Gennet and Hawella Tula districts were screened for Schistosoma mansoni and STHs infection. The overall prevalence of S. mansoni infection was 25.8% (range between schools 11.6% to 54.1%), with light (19.1%), moderate (5.3%), and heavy (1.4%) infection intensities. A total of 61.6% S. mansoni-infected children were STH co-infected. The overall prevalence of STHs infection was 54.7% (range between schools 30.6–71.0%), with moderate-to-heavy intensity infections being 16.3%. Ascaris lumbricoides was the most prevalent 45% (95% CI, 43.5–47) followed by Trichuris trichiura 25.3% (95% CI, 23.8–26.9) and hookworm 6.1% (95% CI, 5.3–7). A total of 33.7% of STHs-infected children had A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura co-infections. S. mansoni infection was significantly associated with school and STHs co-infection (p < 0.001). STH infection was correlated with school and younger age (p < 0.001). Despite repeated PC, S. mansoni and STH infection remain significant health problems, and the WHO target to control schistosomiasis and eliminate STH by 2020 may not be achieved. Intensified control and prevention measures, including drug efficacy surveillance, is recommended. View Full-Text
Keywords: prevalence; schistosomiasis; STHs; school children; southern Ethiopia prevalence; schistosomiasis; STHs; school children; southern Ethiopia
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MDPI and ACS Style

Gebreyesus, T.D.; Tadele, T.; Mekete, K.; Barry, A.; Gashaw, H.; Degefe, W.; Tadesse, B.T.; Gerba, H.; Gurumurthy, P.; Makonnen, E.; Aklillu, E. Prevalence, Intensity, and Correlates of Schistosomiasis and Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections after Five Rounds of Preventive Chemotherapy among School Children in Southern Ethiopia. Pathogens 2020, 9, 920. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9110920

AMA Style

Gebreyesus TD, Tadele T, Mekete K, Barry A, Gashaw H, Degefe W, Tadesse BT, Gerba H, Gurumurthy P, Makonnen E, Aklillu E. Prevalence, Intensity, and Correlates of Schistosomiasis and Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections after Five Rounds of Preventive Chemotherapy among School Children in Southern Ethiopia. Pathogens. 2020; 9(11):920. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9110920

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gebreyesus, Tigist D., Tafesse Tadele, Kalkidan Mekete, Abbie Barry, Habtamu Gashaw, Workagegnehu Degefe, Birkneh T. Tadesse, Heran Gerba, Parthasarathi Gurumurthy, Eyasu Makonnen, and Eleni Aklillu. 2020. "Prevalence, Intensity, and Correlates of Schistosomiasis and Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections after Five Rounds of Preventive Chemotherapy among School Children in Southern Ethiopia" Pathogens 9, no. 11: 920. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9110920

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