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Pathogens
Volume 15
Issue 6
10.3390/pathogens15060581
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Case Report

Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis by Acinetobacter baumannii: Case Report and Systematic Descriptive Review

by
Annabella Salvati
1,
Loredana Alessio
1,
Gloria Trombaccia
2,
Giovanni Cimmino
3,
Marisa De Feo
4,
Fausto Ferraro
5,
Stefania De Pascalis
1 and
Nicola Coppola
1,*
1
Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Mental Health and Public Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy
2
Internal Medicine Unit, “Sacro Cuore”–Fatebenefratelli Hospital, 82100 Benevento, Italy
3
Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Napoli, Italy
4
Department of Women, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, Section of Anesthesiology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy
5
Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Cardiac Surgery and Heart Transplant, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Pathogens 2026, 15(6), 581; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens15060581 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 6 March 2026 / Revised: 23 May 2026 / Accepted: 27 May 2026 / Published: 28 May 2026
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Challenges of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria and Drug Development of Antibacterials)
Versions Notes

Abstract

A 61-year-old woman developed prosthetic valve infective endocarditis after osteomyelitis caused by extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Acinetobacter baumannii. Moreover, a systematic descriptive review of published case reports was performed to describe the main features, treatment, and outcomes of this condition. Methods: Apart from the description of our case, a PubMed and Embase literature review was conducted up to January 2026 using the terms “A. baumannii” AND (“infective endocarditis” OR “endocarditis” OR “valvular infection”). We included clinical cases of IE caused by A. baumannii published as full-text articles in English. Results: After orthopedic osteosynthesis surgery following a femur fracture, our patient developed osteomyelitis by XDR A. baumannii and was treated for a short period of time. Later, prosthetic aortic valve endocarditis was diagnosed. Despite treatment with cefiderocol and eravacycline, she died. An additional 18 clinical cases of IE by A. baumannii were identified from the literature, bringing the total to 19 cases. IE affected prosthetic valves in nine cases, native valves in nine and involved a right atrial mass in one. Twelve cases were caused by MDR or XDR A. baumannii. Mortality occurred more frequently in cases not treated with surgery (9/13, 69%) compared to those treated with surgery (1/6, 16.7%). However, given the very small sample size, these data should be interpreted with caution. Conclusion: This case, together with previously reported observations, highlights the severity of EI by A. baumannii and the need of multidisciplinary management.
Keywords: Acinetobacter baumannii; extensively drug-resistant bacteria (XDR); infective endocarditis; prosthetic valve endocarditis; antimicrobial resistance; osteomyelitis; cefiderocol; surgical management Acinetobacter baumannii; extensively drug-resistant bacteria (XDR); infective endocarditis; prosthetic valve endocarditis; antimicrobial resistance; osteomyelitis; cefiderocol; surgical management

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MDPI and ACS Style

Salvati, A.; Alessio, L.; Trombaccia, G.; Cimmino, G.; De Feo, M.; Ferraro, F.; De Pascalis, S.; Coppola, N. Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis by Acinetobacter baumannii: Case Report and Systematic Descriptive Review. Pathogens 2026, 15, 581. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens15060581

AMA Style

Salvati A, Alessio L, Trombaccia G, Cimmino G, De Feo M, Ferraro F, De Pascalis S, Coppola N. Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis by Acinetobacter baumannii: Case Report and Systematic Descriptive Review. Pathogens. 2026; 15(6):581. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens15060581

Chicago/Turabian Style

Salvati, Annabella, Loredana Alessio, Gloria Trombaccia, Giovanni Cimmino, Marisa De Feo, Fausto Ferraro, Stefania De Pascalis, and Nicola Coppola. 2026. "Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis by Acinetobacter baumannii: Case Report and Systematic Descriptive Review" Pathogens 15, no. 6: 581. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens15060581

APA Style

Salvati, A., Alessio, L., Trombaccia, G., Cimmino, G., De Feo, M., Ferraro, F., De Pascalis, S., & Coppola, N. (2026). Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis by Acinetobacter baumannii: Case Report and Systematic Descriptive Review. Pathogens, 15(6), 581. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens15060581

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