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Volume 15
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10.3390/pathogens15050547
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Article

Investigation of Tick Species and Seasonal Population Dynamics in Sheep, Cattle, and Goats in Ağrı Province, Türkiye

by
Ali Bilgin Yilmaz
1,*,
Milad Afsar
2,
Muhammed Yasul
3,
Muhammed Ahmed Selcuk
4,
Mahsa Torkamanian-Afshar
5,
Asım Ozbek
6 and
Hasan Yilmaz
2
1
Faculty of Health Science, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, 65000 Van, Türkiye
2
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, 65000 Van, Türkiye
3
Faculty of Health Sciences, Iğdır University, 76000 Iğdır, Türkiye
4
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Siirt University, 56000 Siirt, Türkiye
5
Software Engineering Department, Engineering and Natural Sciences Faculty, Istanbul Topkapi University, 34087 İstanbul, Türkiye
6
Medical Laboratory Techniques Program, Health Services Vocational School, Siirt University, 56100 Siirt, Türkiye
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Pathogens 2026, 15(5), 547; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens15050547
Submission received: 3 April 2026 / Revised: 26 April 2026 / Accepted: 1 May 2026 / Published: 19 May 2026
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Tick Control)
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Abstract

This study examined the distribution and seasonal population dynamics of tick species infesting cattle, sheep, and goats in Ağrı Province, Türkiye. From January to December 2024, 913 hosts were examined, and 545 intact tick samples were collected from 386 infested animals and morphologically identified. The overall sex ratio was 52.7% female and 47.3% male. The identified species included Dermacentor niveus, D. marginatus, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, R. turanicus, R. bursa, Haemaphysalis punctata, Hae. sulcata, Hyalomma marginatum, H. anatolicum anatolicum, H. anatolicum excavatum, and H. detritum detritum. Seasonal tick activity peaked in summer (51.7%) and spring (42.9%), with a significant decline in autumn (χ2 = 48.72, df = 3, p < 0.001). No active ticks were observed in winter due to the harsh continental climate. Adult Hyalomma ticks, which are known potential vectors of Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), remained active except during winter. The high prevalence of these vector species suggests a need for further investigation into pathogen circulation in the region. This research provides a scientific foundation for integrated vector control and surveillance programs within the One Health framework.
Keywords: livestock health; prevalence; seasonal dynamics; Türkiye; vector-borne diseases livestock health; prevalence; seasonal dynamics; Türkiye; vector-borne diseases

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MDPI and ACS Style

Yilmaz, A.B.; Afsar, M.; Yasul, M.; Selcuk, M.A.; Torkamanian-Afshar, M.; Ozbek, A.; Yilmaz, H. Investigation of Tick Species and Seasonal Population Dynamics in Sheep, Cattle, and Goats in Ağrı Province, Türkiye. Pathogens 2026, 15, 547. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens15050547

AMA Style

Yilmaz AB, Afsar M, Yasul M, Selcuk MA, Torkamanian-Afshar M, Ozbek A, Yilmaz H. Investigation of Tick Species and Seasonal Population Dynamics in Sheep, Cattle, and Goats in Ağrı Province, Türkiye. Pathogens. 2026; 15(5):547. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens15050547

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yilmaz, Ali Bilgin, Milad Afsar, Muhammed Yasul, Muhammed Ahmed Selcuk, Mahsa Torkamanian-Afshar, Asım Ozbek, and Hasan Yilmaz. 2026. "Investigation of Tick Species and Seasonal Population Dynamics in Sheep, Cattle, and Goats in Ağrı Province, Türkiye" Pathogens 15, no. 5: 547. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens15050547

APA Style

Yilmaz, A. B., Afsar, M., Yasul, M., Selcuk, M. A., Torkamanian-Afshar, M., Ozbek, A., & Yilmaz, H. (2026). Investigation of Tick Species and Seasonal Population Dynamics in Sheep, Cattle, and Goats in Ağrı Province, Türkiye. Pathogens, 15(5), 547. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens15050547

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