Assessing the Impact of Immigration on Peruvian Society: A Quantitative Approach to the Analysis of Economical, Social, Educational and Governmental Indicators (2000–2022)

In this study, we conduct an exploratory and econometric assessment of the multidimensional impact of recent immigration, predominantly Venezuelan, on Peru (2000–2022). Utilizing 4565 time-series indicators, we apply a two-stage methodology: Pearson correlations to identify baseline exploratory associations, followed by Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) with temporal controls and First Differences models to isolate genuine structural effects from time-trend artifacts and spurious correlations. Econometric validation refines oversimplified public narratives. Socially, immigration robustly correlates with increased food insecurity, localized detainments, and a reduced youth demographic, while aggregate crime complaints are identified as a time-trend artifact. Economically, migration structurally stimulates income for the poorest 40% and broadens financial inclusion, despite negatively impacting aggregate macroeconomic consumption. Educationally, the influx of skilled migrants robustly drives scientific publications and increases average formal education years, though it introduces challenges like delayed primary school attendance and a negative shift in educational gender parity. Finally, perceived impacts on central government expenditures and consumption tax revenues are econometrically isolated as either time-trend artifacts or spurious correlations rather than direct migratory consequences. This approach separates true structural responses from historical inertia, providing a balanced, quantitative perspective on migration in Peru.