Regional Color Study of Traditional Village Based on Random Forest Model: Taking the Minjiang River Basin as an Example
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Methodology
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Research Method
2.2.1. Research Framework
2.2.2. Extraction of Traditional Village Color Elements
2.2.3. Construction of the Color Index System of Traditional Villages
2.2.4. Parameter Optimization of the Random Forest Model
2.2.5. Optimization of Classified Color Indexes and Accuracy Verification
3. Results
3.1. Screening Results of Important Color Indexes
3.2. Classification Scheme and Accuracy Verification Results
3.2.1. Classification Scheme
3.2.2. Accuracy Test
4. Analysis of Regional Division of Traditional Village Color in Minjiang River Basin
4.1. Gray Zone
4.1.1. The Skylight Courtyard with Black Brick Walls Subzone
4.1.2. The Hall-and-Wing House with Black Brick Walls Subzone
4.2. Yellow Zone
4.2.1. The Rammed Earth Skylight Courtyard Subzone
4.2.2. The Skylight Courtyard with ‘Boot-Like’ and ‘Hat-Like’ Walls Subzone
4.2.3. The Earth Fort Subzone
4.2.4. The Courtyard House with Walls with Tiles on the Top Subzone
4.3. Brown Zone
The Courtyard House with Wooden Structure and White-Washed Walls Subzone
4.4. Colorless Zone
The Skylight Courtyard with Plastering Walls Subzone
5. Analysis of Influence Mechanism of Color Classification
5.1. Dialect Division Shapes Different Color Types of Traditional Villages
5.2. The Interconnection of Water Systems Facilitates the Connection of Traditional Villages Among Different Color Types
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Device Name | Functional Role | Physical Picture |
---|---|---|
Konica Minolta CM-700d spectrophotometer | This handheld color meter makes direct contact with the building surface to obtain accurate color values. | |
SONY A7RM4 micro single digital camera | Records real photos of traditional villages, records the color of traditional villages, and reviews the data. | |
Dji innovation royal MAVIC2 drone | Collects full-picture information of traditional villages and photos that are difficult for human eyes to observe. |
Index Dimensions | Secondary Index | Index Attribute |
---|---|---|
The characteristics of natural resources | District (county) | Pucheng, Wuyishan, Pucheng, Songxi, Jianyang, Jianou, Zhenghe, Guangze, Shaowu, Jianning, Taining, Jiangle, Shunchang, Ninghua, Qingliu, Yongan, Sanyuan, Shaxian, Yanping, Youxi, Gutian, Minqing, Minhou, Fuzhou, Yongtai |
The characteristics of social culture | Dialect | The boundary dialect of Zhejiang; the dialect of northern Fujian; the dialect of Fujian and Jiangxi; the transitional dialect of Fujian, Hakka, and Jiangxi; the dialect of Fujian and Hakka; the dialect of middle Fujian; the Nanping dialect; Fujian province’s transitional dialect; the dialect of eastern Fujian |
The characteristics of traditional dwellings | Roof form | Flush gable roof, overhanging gable roof |
Gable form | The peak of the overhanging gable roof The fire-proof gable wall with horse-head-shaped coping The fire-proof gable wall with five-element-shaped coping The fire-proof gable wall with saddle-shaped coping | |
Wall form | All wooden wall Black brick wall Rammed earth wall Earth and wood composite wall ‘Boot-like’ and ‘hat-like’ wall Wall with tiles on the top Wooden structure and white-washed wall Plastering wall | |
Wall base material | Stone wall base Black brick wall base Sanhe earth wall base | |
Entrance door form | Door-cover-style gate (brick door-cover-style gate and wooden door-cover-style gate), Gate-tower style door Stone-built fort–gate Flat-faced door | |
Building face form | Terraced house Courtyard house Skylight courtyard Earthen fort Hall-and-wing house |
Important Color Index | Index Attribute | Example | Index Description |
---|---|---|---|
Wall form | Wooden wall | The building walls are all made of wood. | |
Earth and wood composite wall | Rammed earth walls are built on the left and right sides of the wooden walls for reinforcement and enclosure. | ||
Black brick wall | The building walls are all made of black bricks. | ||
Rammed earth wall | The building walls are all made of rammed earth. | ||
‘Boot-like’ and ‘hat-like’ wall | The structure of this kind of wall is as follows: The wall foundation is stones. Two layers of blue bricks are laid on it for leveling. Then, 60 cm of rammed earth walls are built about one story high. The top of the wall is covered with bricks and tiles. This forms the most representative three-section rammed earth wall form of a ‘boot-like’ and ‘hat-like’ wall. The tile and brick coping is the ‘hat’, the rammed earth wall is the ‘body’, and the stone wall foundation is the ‘boots’. | ||
Wall with tiles on the top | This kind of wall involves fixing perforated tiles on the top of the rammed earth wall to achieve the effect of rain protection. Generally, earth slurry is used to apply a base coat on the outside of the rammed earth wall, and then the tiles are embedded at the top. Bamboo nails are inserted to fix them. The heads of the bamboo nails are sealed with white lime, and a beautiful square shape is scraped out with a trowel. | ||
Wooden structure and white-washed wall | This kind of wall uses wood as the structural framework of the building. Between the wooden frames, wall panels made of reed stalks or bamboo slices are used as filling materials. White lime is then applied to the wall panels to form the white-washed wall. | ||
Plastering wall | The raw materials for the plastered walls come from the soot that accumulates on the bottoms of cooking pots and in chimneys and flues when people cook. Walls painted in this way can prevent moisture and alkali and effectively protect the internal structure of the walls. | ||
Building face form | Terraced house | The floor plan of a terraced house is mostly long and narrow. This is the earliest and most widely distributed architectural type, referring to the expansion of a basic componen in a one-way dimension. | |
Courtyard house | A courtyard house is centered around a courtyard and surrounded by buildings on all sides. A three-sided courtyard house is composed of houses on three sides and a surrounding wall on one side, while a four-sided courtyard house, based on the three-sided courtyard house, has a gatehouse added in the front to form a closed courtyard. | ||
Skylight courtyard | The core feature of a skylight courtyard is that there is an open-air space—a patio—in the middle. The patio is usually relatively small, located in the central part of the building. | ||
Hall-and-wing house | A hall-and-wing house mainly consists of a main hall and several wing rooms. It is an architectural layout with distinct characteristics of family residence. The main hall is the core part of the building, located on the central axis, while the wing rooms are distributed on both sides of the main hall and are perpendicular to the main hall. | ||
Earthen fort | An earthen fort is a large-scale dwelling architecture with defensive functions. It is an architectural form where a clan lives together. It can effectively protect the safety of the clan or village residents during turbulent times. |
Classification Standard | Classification Naming | ||
---|---|---|---|
Wall Form | Building Face Form | ||
1 | Wall with tiles on the top | Courtyard house | Courtyard house with walls with tiles on the top |
2 | Wooden structure and white-washed wall | Courtyard house | Courtyard house with wooden structure and white-washed walls |
3 | Rammed earth wall | Skylight courtyard | Rammed earth skylight courtyard |
4 | Rammed earth wall | Earthen fort | Earthen fort |
5 | Plastering wall | Skylight courtyard | Skylight courtyard with plastering walls |
6 | Rammed earth wall | Terraced house | Rammed earth terraced house |
7 | Wooden wall | Terraced house | Wooden terraced house |
8 | Earth and wood composite wall | Terraced house | Terraced house with earth and wood composite walls |
9 | Black brick wall | Skylight courtyard | Skylight courtyard with black brick walls |
10 | Black brick wall | Hall-and-wing house | Hall-and-wing house with black brick walls |
11 | ‘Boot-like’ and ‘hat-like’ wall | Skylight courtyard | Skylight courtyard with ‘boot-like’ and ‘hat-like’ walls |
Accuracy | Recall | Precision | F1 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
training set | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
cross-validation set | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
test set | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Color Zone | Color Subzone | Examples |
---|---|---|
Gray Zone | The Skylight Courtyard with Black Brick Walls Subzone | |
The Hall-and-Wing House with Black Brick Walls Subzone | ||
Yellow Zone | The Rammed Earth Skylight Courtyard Subzone | |
The Skylight Courtyard with ‘Boot-Like’ and ‘Hat-Like’ Walls Subzone | ||
The Earth Fort Subzone | ||
The Courtyard House with Walls with Tiles on the Top Subzone | ||
Brown Zone | The Courtyard House with Wooden Structure and White-Washed Walls Subzone | |
Colorless Zone | The Skylight Courtyard with Plastering Walls Subzone |
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Kong, D.; Fei, X.; Lu, Z.; Lin, X.; Cai, M.; Chen, Z. Regional Color Study of Traditional Village Based on Random Forest Model: Taking the Minjiang River Basin as an Example. Buildings 2025, 15, 524. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15040524
Kong D, Fei X, Lu Z, Lin X, Cai M, Chen Z. Regional Color Study of Traditional Village Based on Random Forest Model: Taking the Minjiang River Basin as an Example. Buildings. 2025; 15(4):524. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15040524
Chicago/Turabian StyleKong, Deyi, Xinhui Fei, Zexuan Lu, Xinyue Lin, Mengqing Cai, and Zujian Chen. 2025. "Regional Color Study of Traditional Village Based on Random Forest Model: Taking the Minjiang River Basin as an Example" Buildings 15, no. 4: 524. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15040524
APA StyleKong, D., Fei, X., Lu, Z., Lin, X., Cai, M., & Chen, Z. (2025). Regional Color Study of Traditional Village Based on Random Forest Model: Taking the Minjiang River Basin as an Example. Buildings, 15(4), 524. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15040524