Investigating Three-Dimensional Auxetic Structural Responses to Impact Loading with the Generalized Interpolation Material Point Method
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. NPR Modeling and Simulation Methodology
2.1. NPR Modeling with Re-Entrant Honeycomb Structures
2.2. Simulation Methodology with the GIMP
3. Computational Setting
4. Verification of NPR
4.1. Convergence Study
4.2. Verification of NPR with Different Angles
4.3. Verification of NPR with a Larger Model
5. Constitutive Effect
5.1. Comparison of Failure Evolution Patterns
5.2. Verification of the Equivalent Elastic Modulus
6. NPR Effect on Impact Resistance
7. Conclusions
- Three different constitutive models for structural materials are adopted to investigate the constitutive effects on the failure evolution patterns and reaction load–displacement relations. Within the elastic range, the load–displacement relationship is linear and aligns with the analytical prediction. The inelastic models demonstrate that higher equivalent plastic strains and damaged material points are more concentrated at the joints between the horizontal and oblique lattice members. It indicates that the specially designed joints promote noticeable lateral contraction under compression. The difference between elastoplasticity and damage models for structural materials is not significant in governing the impact responses, which indicates the important role of process–structure–property relationships in impact-resistant composite designs.
- Under high-speed impact, the NPR material transfers most of the impact kinetic energy into the re-entrant honeycomb structures. In contrast, the kinetic energy propagates through the solid block to the bottom plate. As a result, the NPR material significantly reduces the load transmitted to the bottom plate. The GIMP could effectively capture the impact resistance characteristics of the NPR materials with lattice structures.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Zhuang, X.; Su, Y.-C.; Chen, Z. Investigating Three-Dimensional Auxetic Structural Responses to Impact Loading with the Generalized Interpolation Material Point Method. Buildings 2025, 15, 2878. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15162878
Zhuang X, Su Y-C, Chen Z. Investigating Three-Dimensional Auxetic Structural Responses to Impact Loading with the Generalized Interpolation Material Point Method. Buildings. 2025; 15(16):2878. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15162878
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhuang, Xiatian, Yu-Chen Su, and Zhen Chen. 2025. "Investigating Three-Dimensional Auxetic Structural Responses to Impact Loading with the Generalized Interpolation Material Point Method" Buildings 15, no. 16: 2878. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15162878
APA StyleZhuang, X., Su, Y.-C., & Chen, Z. (2025). Investigating Three-Dimensional Auxetic Structural Responses to Impact Loading with the Generalized Interpolation Material Point Method. Buildings, 15(16), 2878. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15162878