Living Walls and Green Façades: An Implementation Code for Energy Simulation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Vertical Greenery Systems
1.2. Mathematical Models: A Literature Review
1.3. Objective of the Work
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Green Façade Mathematical Model
2.2. Living Wall Mathematical Model
3. Software Module Development: General Methodology
4. Case Study
5. Results and Discussion
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Nomenclature
Symbol | Quantity | Unit |
A | Area | m2 |
c | Specific heat | J/(kg K) |
d | Characteristic dimension | m |
e | Vapour pressure | kPa |
EPnd | Areic thermal energy need | kWh/m2 |
Gr | Grashof number | − |
Heat transfer coefficient | W/(m2K) | |
LAI | Leaf area index | − |
Nu | Nusselt number | − |
Pr | Prandtl number | − |
(Areic) energy flux | W/m2 | |
Aerodynamic resistance | s/m | |
Stomatal resistance | s/m | |
Re | Reynolds number | − |
Temperature | K | |
V | Volume | m3 |
α | Absorptance | − |
Psychometric constant | kPa/K | |
Δ | Slope of the vapour saturation pressure curve | kPa/K |
Emissivity | − | |
Thermal conductivity | W/(m K) | |
ρ | Density | kg/m3 |
Stefan–Boltzmann constant | W/(m2K4) | |
Fractional vegetation coverage | − | |
Transmittance | − | |
Superscripts | ||
b | Bare | |
v | Vegetated | |
Subscripts | ||
add | Additional | |
C | Cooling | |
c | Convection | |
c | Canopy | |
d | Conduction | |
e | External | |
ea | External air | |
fl | Floor | |
gr | Ground | |
H | Heating | |
i | Incident | |
i | Index | |
r | Long-wave radiation (infrared) | |
s | Short-wave radiation (solar) | |
s | Substrate | |
sky | Sky vault | |
vs | Saturated vapour | |
w | Wall |
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Parameter | Value |
---|---|
Gross volume, V [m3] | 130 |
Floor area, Afl [m2] | 48 |
|EPH,nd| [kWh/m2] | Δ|EPH,nd| [%] | |EPC,nd| [kWh/m2] | Δ|EPC,nd| [%] | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Base case | 426 | − | 50 | − |
Green façade | 430 | +1.0 | 42 | −15.2 |
Living wall | 412 | −3.2 | 46 | −8.5 |
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Nesci, V.; Ballarini, I.; Rando Mazzarino, P.; Corrado, V. Living Walls and Green Façades: An Implementation Code for Energy Simulation. Buildings 2024, 14, 2040. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14072040
Nesci V, Ballarini I, Rando Mazzarino P, Corrado V. Living Walls and Green Façades: An Implementation Code for Energy Simulation. Buildings. 2024; 14(7):2040. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14072040
Chicago/Turabian StyleNesci, Valeria, Ilaria Ballarini, Pietro Rando Mazzarino, and Vincenzo Corrado. 2024. "Living Walls and Green Façades: An Implementation Code for Energy Simulation" Buildings 14, no. 7: 2040. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14072040
APA StyleNesci, V., Ballarini, I., Rando Mazzarino, P., & Corrado, V. (2024). Living Walls and Green Façades: An Implementation Code for Energy Simulation. Buildings, 14(7), 2040. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14072040