Thermal and Acoustic Features of Lightweight Concrete Based on Marble Wastes and Expanded Perlite Aggregate
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Flowchart
2.2. Materials
2.2.1. Expanded Perlite Aggregate (EPA)
2.2.2. Marble Waste Sand “MWS”
2.2.3. Cement
2.2.4. Superplasticizer
2.3. Methods
2.3.1. Preparation and Testing Methods
- Mix sand and cement until homogenization.
- Water mixing with the SP.
- Add water with SP and mix at automatic mixer.
- Add EPA aggregate until complete homogenization.
- Oiling inside portion of the mould.
- Casting the mold and allowing it for 24 h before demoulding.
2.3.2. Unit Weight and Total Porosity Measurements
2.3.3. Thermal Conductivity Measurement
- ▪ U is the electric tension in V;
- ▪ S is the plate sample section in m2;
- ▪ T1, T2, TB and Ta are the temperatures measured using platinum temperature sensors in K; R is the heater in Ω; and C is the overall heat transfer coefficient.
2.3.4. Thermal Diffusivity Measurement
2.3.5. Specific Heat Capacity Measurement
- ▪ ρ is the unit weight in kg/m3
- ▪ λexp is the thermal conductivity in W/m.K
- ▪ αexp is the experimental thermal diffusivity in m2/s
2.3.6. Sound Reduction Index Measurement
- ▪ Tr is the reverberation time in seconds in the receiving room
- ▪ S is the section of the plate specimen
- ▪ D is the level difference given as follow:
- ▪ V is the receiving room volume in m3
- ▪ A is the equivalent absorption area in m2
3. Results and Discussions
3.1. Effects of EPA Dosage on Total Porosity of the Lightweight Concrete
3.2. Effects of EPA Dosage on the Unit Weight of the Lightweight Concrete
3.3. Effects of EPA Dosage on the Thermal Conductivity of the Lightweight Concrete
3.4. Effects of EPA Dosage on the Thermal Diffusivity of the Lightweight Concrete
3.5. Effects of EPA Dosage on the Specific Heat Capacity of the Lightweight Concrete
3.6. Effects of EPA Dosage on the Sound Reduction Index of the Lightweight Concrete
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
- El-Kattan, I.M.; Abdelzaher, M.A.; Farghali, A.A. Positive impact of ultra fine-ceramic waste on the physico-mechanical features and microstructure of white cement pastes composites. J. Mater. Res. Technol. 2020, 9, 9395–9402. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kherbache, S.; Bouzidi, N.; Bouzidi, M.A.; Moussaceb, K.; Tahakourt, A.K. The behavior of the concretes and mortars reinforced by metallic fibers wastes as substitution of cement. J. Mater. Environ. Sci. 2016, 7, 18–29. [Google Scholar]
- Vardhan, K.; Siddique, R.; Goyal, S. Influence of marble waste as partial replacement of fine aggregates on strength and drying shrinkage of concrete. Constr. Build. Mater. 2019, 228, 116730. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Saleh, H.; Al-Kahlidi, M.M.A.; Abulridha, H.A.; Banoon, S.R.; Abdelzaher, M.A. Current situation and future prospects for plastic waste in maysan governorate: Effects and treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic. Egypt. J. Chem. 2021, 64, 4449–4460. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kore, S.D.; Vyas, A.K.; Kabeer KI, S.A. A brief review on sustainable utilisation of marble waste in concrete. Int. J. Sustain. Eng. 2020, 13, 264–279. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chaid, R.; Jauberthie, R.; Zeghiche, J.; Kherchi, F. Impact de la poudre de marbre conjuguée au calcaire du CEM II sur la durabilité du béton. Eur. J. Environ. Civ. Eng. 2011, 15, 427–445. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hebhoub, H.; Aoun, H.; Belachia, M.; Houari, H.; Ghorbel, E. Use of waste marble aggregates in concrete. Constr. Build. Mater. 2011, 25, 1167–1171. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kumaraswamy, J.; Kumar, V.; Purushotham, G. A review on mechanical and wear properties of ASTM a 494 M grade nickel-based alloy metal matrix composites. Mater. Today Proc. 2021, 37, 2027–2032. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lasfar, S.; Moualli, F.I.; Latrach, A.; Chergui, M.; Choukir, A.; Diab, A. Resistance of two different types of concrete pipes used in sewer systems under sulfuric acid and sodium sulfate attacks. J. Mater. Environ. Sci. 2015, 6, 3002–3014. [Google Scholar]
- Tantawy, M.A.; El-Roudi, A.M.; Abdalla, E.M.; Abdelzaher, M.A. Fire resistance of sewage sludge ash blended cement pastes. J. Eng. 2013, 2013. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Lothenbach, B.; Scrivener, K.; Hooton, R.D. Supplementary cementitious materials. Cem. Concr. Res. 2011, 41, 1244–1256. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kore, S.D.; Vyas, A.K. Impact of marble waste as coarse aggregate on properties of lean cement concrete. Case Stud. Constr. Mater. 2016, 4, 85–92. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Andre, A.; de Brito, J.; Rosa, A.; Pedro, D. Durability performance of concrete incorporating coarse aggregates from marble industry waste. J. Clean. Prod. 2014, 65, 389–396. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Talah, A.; Kharchi, F.; Chaid, R. Influence of marble powder on high performance concrete behavior. Procedia Eng. 2015, 114, 685–690. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Ulubeyli, G.C.; Bilir, T.; Artir, R. Durability properties of concrete produced by marble waste as aggregate or mineral additives. Procedia Eng. 2016, 161, 543–548. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Gesoğlu, M.; Güneyisi, E.; Kocabağ, M.E.; Bayram, V.; Mermerdaş, K. Fresh and hardened characteristics of self compacting concretes made with combined use of marble powder, limestone filler, and fly ash. Constr. Build. Mater. 2012, 37, 160–170. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jedidi, M.; Benjeddou, O.; Soussi, C. Effect of expanded perlite aggregate dosage on properties of lightweight concrete. Jordan J. Civ. Eng. 2015, 9, 278–291. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Topçu, İ.B.; Işıkdağ, B. Manufacture of high heat conductivity resistant clay bricks containing perlite. Build. Environ. 2007, 42, 3540–3546. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Alyousef, R.; Benjeddou, O.; Soussi, C.; Khadimallah, M.A.; Jedidi, M. Experimental study of new insulation lightweight concrete block floor based on perlite aggregate, natural sand, and sand obtained from marble waste. Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng. 2019, 2019. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Gencel, O.; Bayraktar, O.Y.; Kaplan, G.; Arslan, O.; Nodehi, M.; Benli, A.; Gholampour, A.; Ozbakkaloglu, T. Lightweight foam concrete containing expanded perlite and glass sand: Physico-mechanical, durability, and insulation properties. Constr. Build. Mater. 2022, 320, 126187. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Abdelzaher, M.A. Experiential investigation on the effect of heavy fuel oil substitution by high sulfur petcoke on the physico-mechanical features and microstructure of white cement composites. Eng. Res. Express 2021, 3, 015028. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bakshi, P.; Pappu, A.; Patidar, R.; Gupta, M.K.; Thakur, V.K. Transforming marble waste into high-performance, water-resistant, and thermally insulative hybrid polymer composites for environmental sustainability. Polymers 2020, 12, 1781. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Abdelzaher, M.A.; Shehata, N. Hydration and synergistic features of nanosilica-blended high alkaline white cement pastes composites. Appl. Nanosci. 2022, 12, 1731–1746. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bakshi, P.; Pappu, A.; Bharti, D.K.; Patidar, R.; Gupta, M.K. Sustainable development of particulate reinforced composites by recycling marble waste for advanced construction applications: Ultra-low water absorption, remarkable thermal and mechanical behaviour. Waste Biomass Valorization 2021, 12, 6449–6464. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Khan, A.; Patidar, R.; Pappu, A. Marble waste characterization and reinforcement in low density polyethylene composites via injection moulding: Towards improved mechanical strength and thermal conductivity. Constr. Build. Mater. 2021, 269, 121229. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Abdelzaher, M.A. Performance and hydration characteristic of dark white evolution (DWE) cement composites blended with clay brick powder. Egypt. J. Chem. 2022, 65, 419–427. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- EN 197-1; Cement–Part 1: Composition, Specifications and Conformity Criteria for Common Cements. AFNOR: Saint-Denis, France, 2000.
- NF P18-507; Additions for Concrete. Water Retention. Method for Measurement of Fluidity by Flowing with the Cone de Marsh. AFNOR: Saint-Denis, France, 1992.
- Lendvai, L.; Singh, T.; Fekete, G.; Patnaik, A.; Dogossy, G. Utilization of waste marble dust in poly (lactic acid)-based biocomposites: Mechanical, thermal and wear properties. J. Polym. Environ. 2021, 29, 2952–2963. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rey, E.; Jongmans, D.; Gotteland, P.; Garambois, S. Characterisation of soils with stony inclusions using geoelectrical measurements. J. Appl. Geophys. 2006, 58, 188–201. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- NF ISO 5017; Dense Shaped Refractory Products—Determination of Bulk Density, Apparent Porosity and True Porosity—Produits Réfractaires Façonnés Denses. AFNOR: Saint-Denis, France, 2013.
- NF EN ISO 8990; Thermal Insulation-Determination of Steady-State Thermal Transmission Properties-Calibrated and Guarded Hot Box. AFNOR: Saint-Denis, France, 1996.
- Jannot, Y.; Degiovanni, A. Thermal Properties: Measurement of Materials; Wiley editions: Hoboken, NJ, USA, 2018. [Google Scholar]
- ISO 16283-1; Acoustics: Field Measurement of Sound Insulation in Buildings and of Building Elements, Part 1: Airborne Sound Insulation. AFNOR: Saint-Denis, France, 2014.
- ISO 140-4; Acoustics: Measurement of Sound Insulation in Buildings and of Building Elements, Part 4: Field. AFNOR: Saint-Denis, France, 1998.
- Alyousef, R.; Jedidi, M.; Khadimallah, M.A.; Benjeddou, O.; Soussi, C. The Study of New Insulating Lightweight Concrete with Expanded Perlite Aggregate and Sand from Marble Waste. Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng. 2019, 2019, 8160461. [Google Scholar]
- Stephan, K.; Laesecke, A. The thermal conductivity of fluid air. J. Phys. Chem.Ref. Data 1985, 14, 227–234. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- ISO 717-1; Acoustics: Rating of Sound Insulation in Buildings and of Building Elements, Part 1: Airborne Sound Insulation. AFNOR: Saint-Denis, France, 2013.
- Shawkey, M.A.; Abdelzaher, M.A.; Mahmoud, H.M.; Rashad, M.M. Monitoring of acoustic emission behaviour during early-age cement paste hydration. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering; IOP Publishing: Bristol, UK, 2021; Volume 1046, p. 012020. [Google Scholar]
- ASTM C 332; Standard Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Insulating Concrete. ASTM: West Conshohocken, PA, USA, 1999.
Properties | Unit | Cement | Marble Waste Sand | Expanded Perlite Aggregate [17] |
---|---|---|---|---|
Color | Color | Gray | Buff-White | White |
Melting point | °C | -- | 1700 | 1200 |
Specific heat | kcal/kg °C | -- | 0.32 | 0.20 |
Absolute density | gm/m3 | 3.09 | 2.65 | 70.01 |
Bulk density | gm/m3 | 1.01 | 1.4 | -- |
Thermal conductivity | W/m.K | -- | -- | 0.040 |
Compression strength in the compacted condition | MPa | 16–52.5 | -- | 0.40 ± 0.01 MPa |
Water absorption | % | -- | 4.0–6.0 | 30–40 |
Total Porosity | % | 1.0 | -- | 70–85 |
Size | mm | -- | 1.0–4.0 | 2.0–4.0 |
Blaine (specific surface area) | cm2/gm | 3692 | - | -- |
Sound insulating (125 Hz) | dB | -- | -- | 18 |
Equivalent of sand | % | -- | 0.85 | -- |
Los Angeles | % | -- | - | -- |
Elements | SiO2 | Al2O3 | CaO | Fe2O3 | MgO | SO3 | Na2O | K2O | LOI | Cl− |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CEM | 21.31 | 4.92 | 65.46 | 2.21 | 1.26 | 2.90 | 0.15 | 0.75 | 1.61 | 0.09 |
MW | 2.97 | 0.12 | 94.20 | 0.32 | 0.46 | 0.02 | 0.67 | 0.85 | 1.68 | 0.03 |
Designation of Mixes | W/C % | EPA | Cement [gm] | Water [gm] | Sand MWS | SP | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
% | [m3] | [gm] | [%] | [gm] | [kg] | ||||
LC0 | 0.33 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 300 | 99 | 100 | 1400 | 1.00 |
LC10 | 0.40 | 10 | 0.10 | 7 | 300 | 120 | 90 | 1260 | 1.00 |
LC20 | 0.45 | 20 | 0.20 | 14 | 300 | 135 | 80 | 1120 | 1.00 |
LC30 | 0.48 | 30 | 0.30 | 21 | 300 | 144 | 70 | 980 | 1.00 |
LC40 | 0.51 | 40 | 0.40 | 28 | 300 | 153 | 60 | 840 | 1.00 |
LC50 | 0.54 | 50 | 0.50 | 35 | 300 | 162 | 50 | 700 | 1.00 |
LC60 | 0.60 | 60 | 0.60 | 42 | 300 | 180 | 40 | 560 | 1.00 |
Process Step | Figure |
---|---|
Place the sonometer and the omni power sound source in the source room in order and measure the average sound pressure level L1 | |
Move the sonometer to the receiving room and measure the average sound pressure level L2 | |
Move the omni power sound source to the receiving room and measure the reverberation time Tr |
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. |
© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Benjeddou, O.; Ravindran, G.; Abdelzaher, M.A. Thermal and Acoustic Features of Lightweight Concrete Based on Marble Wastes and Expanded Perlite Aggregate. Buildings 2023, 13, 992. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13040992
Benjeddou O, Ravindran G, Abdelzaher MA. Thermal and Acoustic Features of Lightweight Concrete Based on Marble Wastes and Expanded Perlite Aggregate. Buildings. 2023; 13(4):992. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13040992
Chicago/Turabian StyleBenjeddou, Omrane, Gobinath Ravindran, and Mohamed Abuelseoud Abdelzaher. 2023. "Thermal and Acoustic Features of Lightweight Concrete Based on Marble Wastes and Expanded Perlite Aggregate" Buildings 13, no. 4: 992. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13040992