Evaluating Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Cross-Laminated Timber Bonded with a Soy-Based Adhesive
1
Energy Studies in Buildings Laboratory, Department of Architecture, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
2
Institute for Health in the Built Environment, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
3
Department of Chemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Buildings 2020, 10(11), 191; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings10110191
Received: 2 September 2020
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Revised: 17 October 2020
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Accepted: 20 October 2020
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Published: 22 October 2020
(This article belongs to the Section Building Materials, and Repair & Renovation)
Volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from indoor sources are large determinants of the indoor air quality (IAQ) and occupant health. Cross-laminated timber (CLT) is a panelized engineered wood product often left exposed as an interior surface finish. As a certified structural building product, CLT is currently exempt from meeting VOC emission limits for composite wood products and confirming emissions through California Department of Public Health (CDPH) Standard Method testing. In this study, small chamber testing was conducted to evaluate VOC emissions from three laboratory-produced CLT samples: One bonded with a new soy-based cold-set adhesive; a second bonded with a commercially available polyurethane (PUR) adhesive; and the third assembled without adhesive using dowels. A fourth commercially-produced eight-month-old sample bonded with melamine formaldehyde (MF) adhesive was also tested. All four samples were produced with Douglas-fir. The test results for the three laboratory-produced samples demonstrated VOC emissions compliance with the reference standard. The commercially-produced and aged CLT sample bonded with MF adhesive did not meet the acceptance criterion for formaldehyde of ≤9.0 µg/m3. The estimated indoor air concentration of formaldehyde in an office with the MF sample was 54.4 µg/m3; the results for the soy, PUR, and dowel samples were all at or below 2.5 µg/m3.
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Keywords:
cross-laminated timber; adhesives; formaldehyde; polyurethane; soy; IAQ; VOCs
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MDPI and ACS Style
Yauk, M.; Stenson, J.; Donor, M.; Van Den Wymelenberg, K. Evaluating Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Cross-Laminated Timber Bonded with a Soy-Based Adhesive. Buildings 2020, 10, 191. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings10110191
AMA Style
Yauk M, Stenson J, Donor M, Van Den Wymelenberg K. Evaluating Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Cross-Laminated Timber Bonded with a Soy-Based Adhesive. Buildings. 2020; 10(11):191. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings10110191
Chicago/Turabian StyleYauk, Michael, Jason Stenson, Micah Donor, and Kevin Van Den Wymelenberg. 2020. "Evaluating Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Cross-Laminated Timber Bonded with a Soy-Based Adhesive" Buildings 10, no. 11: 191. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings10110191
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