The Effect of Gadolinium on the Microstructures and Charpy Impact Properties of Super Duplex Stainless Steels
1
Liquid Processing & Casting Technology R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Incheon 21999, Korea
2
School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
The two authors contributed equally to the work described.
Metals 2018, 8(7), 474; https://doi.org/10.3390/met8070474
Received: 21 May 2018
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Revised: 10 June 2018
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Accepted: 19 June 2018
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Published: 21 June 2018
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Metallurgy of High Performance Steels)
Super duplex stainless steels (SDSSs), exhibiting excellent strength and corrosion resistance, serve as the attractive materials in a variety of industries. However, improvements in their ductility and impact-toughness are required in extreme environments. In this study, the effects of gadolinium on the microstructures and Charpy impact properties of super duplex stainless steels were investigated. A base super duplex stainless steel (BDSS) and a gadolinium-added super duplex stainless steel (GDSS) were successfully fabricated using an air casting method. The oxygen content and grain size of SDSSs were found to decrease because of high reactivity of gadolinium with oxygen. Moreover, the average inclusion size and area of GDSS also decreased even with a slight decrease in the average distance between inclusions. Both the BDSS and GDSS exhibited typical Charpy impact transition behavior from −196 °C to 200 °C. Moreover, the GDSS impact energies using Charpy test were higher than those of BDSS over the entire temperature range. Moreover, the ductile-to-brittle transition temperature (DBTT) of SDSSs calculated from the fracture appearance transition temperature (FATT) significantly decreased by over 20 °C with the addition of gadolinium.
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Keywords:
duplex stainless steel; gadolinium; Charpy impact properties; microstructure; inclusions; grain size
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MDPI and ACS Style
Moon, B.-M.; Lee, S.-W.; Kim, M.-J.; Jung, S.-R.; Kim, Y.-J.; Jung, H.-D. The Effect of Gadolinium on the Microstructures and Charpy Impact Properties of Super Duplex Stainless Steels. Metals 2018, 8, 474. https://doi.org/10.3390/met8070474
AMA Style
Moon B-M, Lee S-W, Kim M-J, Jung S-R, Kim Y-J, Jung H-D. The Effect of Gadolinium on the Microstructures and Charpy Impact Properties of Super Duplex Stainless Steels. Metals. 2018; 8(7):474. https://doi.org/10.3390/met8070474
Chicago/Turabian StyleMoon, Byung-Moon, Sang-Wook Lee, Moon-Jo Kim, Seung-Rok Jung, Young-Jig Kim, and Hyun-Do Jung. 2018. "The Effect of Gadolinium on the Microstructures and Charpy Impact Properties of Super Duplex Stainless Steels" Metals 8, no. 7: 474. https://doi.org/10.3390/met8070474
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