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Metals
Volume 15
Issue 12
10.3390/met15121325
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Article

A Hybrid Multilevel Model for Describing the Full Manufacturing–Operation Cycle

by
Nikita Kondratev
*,
Andrey Podsedertsev
and
Dmitry Bezverkhy
Laboratory of Multilevel Structural and Functional Materials Modeling, Perm National Research Polytechnic University, 614990 Perm, Russia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Metals 2025, 15(12), 1325; https://doi.org/10.3390/met15121325 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 24 October 2025 / Revised: 26 November 2025 / Accepted: 28 November 2025 / Published: 30 November 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Computation and Simulation on Metals)
Versions Notes

Abstract

A hybrid multilevel model for a representative volume has been developed to describe the thermomechanical treatment of materials throughout the manufacturing–operation cycle. The model serves as an efficient tool for the digital design of functional materials and products. It quantitatively evaluates defects and grain structure formed under various thermomechanical treatment modes using statistical distributions of internal variables. These data are subsequently employed to construct polyhedral grain structure and to transfer defect-related information, expressed by using critical shear stresses and crystallographic lattice orientations in operational simulations. The model was calibrated, tested for Inconel 718 alloy, and applied to design alloy blanks during rolling and annealing, as well as to the analysis of low-cycle fatigue during operation.
Keywords: multilevel model; material structure; grain size; recrystallization; thermomechanical treatment; Inconel 718 multilevel model; material structure; grain size; recrystallization; thermomechanical treatment; Inconel 718

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MDPI and ACS Style

Kondratev, N.; Podsedertsev, A.; Bezverkhy, D. A Hybrid Multilevel Model for Describing the Full Manufacturing–Operation Cycle. Metals 2025, 15, 1325. https://doi.org/10.3390/met15121325

AMA Style

Kondratev N, Podsedertsev A, Bezverkhy D. A Hybrid Multilevel Model for Describing the Full Manufacturing–Operation Cycle. Metals. 2025; 15(12):1325. https://doi.org/10.3390/met15121325

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kondratev, Nikita, Andrey Podsedertsev, and Dmitry Bezverkhy. 2025. "A Hybrid Multilevel Model for Describing the Full Manufacturing–Operation Cycle" Metals 15, no. 12: 1325. https://doi.org/10.3390/met15121325

APA Style

Kondratev, N., Podsedertsev, A., & Bezverkhy, D. (2025). A Hybrid Multilevel Model for Describing the Full Manufacturing–Operation Cycle. Metals, 15(12), 1325. https://doi.org/10.3390/met15121325

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