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Article

Investigation of Strain-Induced Precipitation of Niobium Carbide in Niobium Micro-Alloyed Steels at Elevated Temperatures

by
Tzu-Ching Tsao
1,
Po-Han Chiu
1,*,
Chien-Yu Tseng
1,
Cheng-Lin Tai
1,
Hsueh-Ren Chen
1,
Tsai-Fu Chung
2,
Chih-Yuan Chen
3,
Shing-Hoa Wang
4,
Yu-Ting Tsai
5 and
Jer-Ren Yang
1,*
1
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
2
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
3
Graduate Institute of Intellectual Property, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
4
Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
5
Department of Research and Development, China Steel Corporation, Kaohsiung 81233, Taiwan
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Metals 2022, 12(10), 1619; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12101619
Submission received: 31 August 2022 / Revised: 22 September 2022 / Accepted: 26 September 2022 / Published: 27 September 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microstructural Characterization of Metallic Materials)
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Abstract

Two steels with a base composition of Fe-0.2C-0.8Mn-1.2Cr (wt%) but with different niobium (Nb) contents (0.02 and 0.03 wt%) were employed to study the effect of precipitate evolution on the softening resistance in the austenite region under elevated temperature deformation. The thermomechanical procedure was executed by a deformation-dilatometer and involved double deformation processes with 25% strain at a 0.25 s−1 strain rate at 900, 925, 950, and 1000 °C. The softening ratios, reflecting the competition between recrystallization and precipitation, were evaluated. The results indicated that both steels showed better softening resistance at 900 °C than at other temperatures. However, the softening ratio of 0.03 wt% Nb-containing steel (Steel 3N) rose after 100 s at 900 °C, while 0.02 wt% Nb-containing steel (Steel 2N) maintained a low softening ratio within 300 s at 900 °C, indicating that Steel 3N was relatively non-durable. A microstructural characterization showed that in the Steel 3N sample deformed at 900 °C, recrystallization occurred more strongly than for Steel 2N after a 1000 s holding time. A follow-up analysis then showed that Steel 3N treated at 900 °C revealed a faster coarsening of the carbides than Steel 2N even in the early stage of precipitation, evidencing that Steel 2N exhibited a lower softening resistance at 900 °C.
Keywords: niobium micro-alloyed steel; dilatometer; strain-induced precipitation; recrystallization; softening resistance niobium micro-alloyed steel; dilatometer; strain-induced precipitation; recrystallization; softening resistance

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MDPI and ACS Style

Tsao, T.-C.; Chiu, P.-H.; Tseng, C.-Y.; Tai, C.-L.; Chen, H.-R.; Chung, T.-F.; Chen, C.-Y.; Wang, S.-H.; Tsai, Y.-T.; Yang, J.-R. Investigation of Strain-Induced Precipitation of Niobium Carbide in Niobium Micro-Alloyed Steels at Elevated Temperatures. Metals 2022, 12, 1619. https://doi.org/10.3390/met12101619

AMA Style

Tsao T-C, Chiu P-H, Tseng C-Y, Tai C-L, Chen H-R, Chung T-F, Chen C-Y, Wang S-H, Tsai Y-T, Yang J-R. Investigation of Strain-Induced Precipitation of Niobium Carbide in Niobium Micro-Alloyed Steels at Elevated Temperatures. Metals. 2022; 12(10):1619. https://doi.org/10.3390/met12101619

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tsao, Tzu-Ching, Po-Han Chiu, Chien-Yu Tseng, Cheng-Lin Tai, Hsueh-Ren Chen, Tsai-Fu Chung, Chih-Yuan Chen, Shing-Hoa Wang, Yu-Ting Tsai, and Jer-Ren Yang. 2022. "Investigation of Strain-Induced Precipitation of Niobium Carbide in Niobium Micro-Alloyed Steels at Elevated Temperatures" Metals 12, no. 10: 1619. https://doi.org/10.3390/met12101619

APA Style

Tsao, T.-C., Chiu, P.-H., Tseng, C.-Y., Tai, C.-L., Chen, H.-R., Chung, T.-F., Chen, C.-Y., Wang, S.-H., Tsai, Y.-T., & Yang, J.-R. (2022). Investigation of Strain-Induced Precipitation of Niobium Carbide in Niobium Micro-Alloyed Steels at Elevated Temperatures. Metals, 12(10), 1619. https://doi.org/10.3390/met12101619

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