The Three-Month Effects of a Ketogenic Diet on Body Composition, Blood Parameters, and Performance Metrics in CrossFit Trainees: A Pilot Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Ethics Approval and Subject Recruitment and Consent
2.2. Study Design
2.3. Body Composition, Metabolic, and Aerobic Performance Assessments
2.4. Blood-Serum Collection and Analysis
2.5. Anaerobic Performance Assessments
2.6. Dietary Guidelines and Nutritional Intake Monitoring
2.7. Statistical Analyses and Data Presentation
3. Results
3.1. Baseline Characteristics between Treatments
3.2. Self-Reported Macronutrient Intakes and Workouts Completed over the Intervention
3.3. Weekly Blood Ketone Levels and Changes in Body Composition Metrics
3.4. Changes in Resting Metabolic Metrics
3.5. Changes in Performance Metrics
3.6. Changes in Blood-Serum Parameters
4. Discussion
5. Limitations and Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | KD (n = 7) | CTL (n = 5) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Males/Females (n) | 5/2 | 4/1 | - |
Age (years) | 32 ± 3 | 29 ± 3 | 0.592 |
Height (m) | 1.71 ± 0.08 | 1.70 ± 0.03 | 0.954 |
Body mass (kg) | 82.7 ± 8.2 | 76.9 ± 5.5 | 0.601 |
DXA body fat (%) | 24.6 ± 2.2 | 20.6 ± 4.7 | 0.420 |
Strength: mass | 1.35 ± 0.13 | 1.42 ± 0.18 | 0.736 |
Variable | KD (n = 7) | CTL (n = 5) | Time p-Value Group × Time p-Value (ηp2) |
---|---|---|---|
Glucose (mg/dL) | |||
Pre | 84.4 ± 4.3 | 79.2 ± 5.4 | 0.190 |
Post | 76.7 ± 5.5 | 73.0 ± 7.4 | 0.881 (0.002) |
HDL-C (mg/dL) | |||
Pre | 52.3 ± 3.2 | 56.6 ± 2.2 | 0.409 |
Post | 51.3 ± 3.2 | 53.2 ± 3.2 | 0.649 (0.022) |
LDL-C (mg/dL) | |||
Pre | 114.1 ± 16.2 | 88.4 ± 13.9 | 0.147 |
Post | 153.9 ± 27.4 *,† | 79.0 ± 13.9 # | 0.029 (0.393) |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) | |||
Pre | 72.7 ± 9.5 | 56.8 ± 21.3 | 0.977 |
Post | 65.9 ± 7.1 | 64.4 ± 20.7 | 0.585 (0.031) |
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Kephart, W.C.; Pledge, C.D.; Roberson, P.A.; Mumford, P.W.; Romero, M.A.; Mobley, C.B.; Martin, J.S.; Young, K.C.; Lowery, R.P.; Wilson, J.M.; et al. The Three-Month Effects of a Ketogenic Diet on Body Composition, Blood Parameters, and Performance Metrics in CrossFit Trainees: A Pilot Study. Sports 2018, 6, 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports6010001
Kephart WC, Pledge CD, Roberson PA, Mumford PW, Romero MA, Mobley CB, Martin JS, Young KC, Lowery RP, Wilson JM, et al. The Three-Month Effects of a Ketogenic Diet on Body Composition, Blood Parameters, and Performance Metrics in CrossFit Trainees: A Pilot Study. Sports. 2018; 6(1):1. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports6010001
Chicago/Turabian StyleKephart, Wesley C., Coree D. Pledge, Paul A. Roberson, Petey W. Mumford, Matthew A. Romero, Christopher B. Mobley, Jeffrey S. Martin, Kaelin C. Young, Ryan P. Lowery, Jacob M. Wilson, and et al. 2018. "The Three-Month Effects of a Ketogenic Diet on Body Composition, Blood Parameters, and Performance Metrics in CrossFit Trainees: A Pilot Study" Sports 6, no. 1: 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports6010001
APA StyleKephart, W. C., Pledge, C. D., Roberson, P. A., Mumford, P. W., Romero, M. A., Mobley, C. B., Martin, J. S., Young, K. C., Lowery, R. P., Wilson, J. M., Huggins, K. W., & Roberts, M. D. (2018). The Three-Month Effects of a Ketogenic Diet on Body Composition, Blood Parameters, and Performance Metrics in CrossFit Trainees: A Pilot Study. Sports, 6(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports6010001