Patient Awareness and Acceptance of Pharmacogenomics Services: A Survey of Attitudes Toward PGx Implementation and Pharmacist-Led Care

Billman, Kendall; Ahmed Feldman, Mayeesha; Allen, Josiah D.

doi:10.3390/jpm15120621

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Patient Awareness and Acceptance of Pharmacogenomics Services: A Survey of Attitudes Toward PGx Implementation and Pharmacist-Led Care

by

Kendall Billman

,

Mayeesha Ahmed Feldman

and

Josiah D. Allen

^*

Department of Precision Medicine & Genomic Health, St. Elizabeth Healthcare, 1 Medical Village Dr., Edgewood, KY 41017, USA

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

J. Pers. Med. 2025, 15(12), 621; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm15120621

Submission received: 11 October 2025 / Revised: 5 December 2025 / Accepted: 8 December 2025 / Published: 11 December 2025

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends and Challenges in Pharmacogenomics Research)

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Abstract

Background/Objectives: Patient interest in pharmacogenomics (PGx) is growing, yet literacy remains low. This study aims to evaluate patient perspectives on pharmacist-led PGx services, assessing community perceptions of PGx pharmacists, their perceived role in care, literacy levels, and willingness to pay for services. Methods: A brief survey was distributed via social media to participants in southern Ohio, northern Kentucky, and southeastern Indiana. This survey included the Minnesota Assessment of Pharmacogenomic Literacy (MAPL), Likert-style questions to assess preferences, and willingness to pay questions with open fields. Upon completion, 152 responses were received. After data cleaning, 82 responses were analyzed. Results: While 66% of participants preferred their primary care provider to order testing, 45% preferred a PGx pharmacist over their primary care provider to explain their results and medication implications. Conclusions: After being educated on the role of a PGx pharmacist, respondents preferred a PGx pharmacist to explain their PGx testing results and any medication implications.

Keywords: pharmacogenomics; pharmacogenomics pharmacist; Minnesota Assessment of Pharmacogenomic Literacy (MAPL)

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MDPI and ACS Style

Billman, K.; Ahmed Feldman, M.; Allen, J.D. Patient Awareness and Acceptance of Pharmacogenomics Services: A Survey of Attitudes Toward PGx Implementation and Pharmacist-Led Care. J. Pers. Med. 2025, 15, 621. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm15120621

AMA Style

Billman K, Ahmed Feldman M, Allen JD. Patient Awareness and Acceptance of Pharmacogenomics Services: A Survey of Attitudes Toward PGx Implementation and Pharmacist-Led Care. Journal of Personalized Medicine. 2025; 15(12):621. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm15120621

Chicago/Turabian Style

Billman, Kendall, Mayeesha Ahmed Feldman, and Josiah D. Allen. 2025. "Patient Awareness and Acceptance of Pharmacogenomics Services: A Survey of Attitudes Toward PGx Implementation and Pharmacist-Led Care" Journal of Personalized Medicine 15, no. 12: 621. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm15120621

APA Style

Billman, K., Ahmed Feldman, M., & Allen, J. D. (2025). Patient Awareness and Acceptance of Pharmacogenomics Services: A Survey of Attitudes Toward PGx Implementation and Pharmacist-Led Care. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 15(12), 621. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm15120621

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

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Patient Awareness and Acceptance of Pharmacogenomics Services: A Survey of Attitudes Toward PGx Implementation and Pharmacist-Led Care

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