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Volume 15
Issue 4
10.3390/diagnostics15040474
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Review

Hyperpolarized Xenon-129 MRI: Narrative Review of Clinical Studies, Testing, and Implementation of Advanced Pulmonary In Vivo Imaging and Its Diagnostic Applications

by
Jamie L. MacLeod
1,
Humam M. Khan
2,
Ava Franklin
1,
Lukasz Myc
2 and
Yun Michael Shim
1,*
1
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0546, USA
2
North Alabama Medical Center, 1701 Veterans Dr., Florence, Al 35630, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Diagnostics 2025, 15(4), 474; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15040474
Submission received: 8 December 2024 / Revised: 20 January 2025 / Accepted: 12 February 2025 / Published: 16 February 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Imaging Diagnosis and Management of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Diseases)
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Abstract

Hyperpolarized xenon-129 MRI (129XeMRI) has emerged as a powerful tool in the identification, evaluation, and assessment of disease endotyping and in response to interventions for a myriad of pulmonary diseases. Growing investigative efforts ranging from basic science to application in translational research have employed 129XeMRI in the evaluation of pulmonary conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), asthma, and cystic fibrosis (CF). The novel feature of 129XeMRI is its ability to generate anatomic and physiologic readouts of the lung with resolution from the whole lung down to the lobar level. Additional advantages include being non-invasive and non-radioactive, and utilizing an inexpensive and ubiquitous noble gas as an inhalation contrast agent: xenon-129. In this review, we outline the clinical advances provided by 129XeMRI among common pulmonary diseases with high healthcare burdens in recent decades.
Keywords: hyperpolarized xenon-129 MRI; hyperpolarized gas MRI; respiratory disease; pulmonary disease; diagnostic test hyperpolarized xenon-129 MRI; hyperpolarized gas MRI; respiratory disease; pulmonary disease; diagnostic test

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MDPI and ACS Style

MacLeod, J.L.; Khan, H.M.; Franklin, A.; Myc, L.; Shim, Y.M. Hyperpolarized Xenon-129 MRI: Narrative Review of Clinical Studies, Testing, and Implementation of Advanced Pulmonary In Vivo Imaging and Its Diagnostic Applications. Diagnostics 2025, 15, 474. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15040474

AMA Style

MacLeod JL, Khan HM, Franklin A, Myc L, Shim YM. Hyperpolarized Xenon-129 MRI: Narrative Review of Clinical Studies, Testing, and Implementation of Advanced Pulmonary In Vivo Imaging and Its Diagnostic Applications. Diagnostics. 2025; 15(4):474. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15040474

Chicago/Turabian Style

MacLeod, Jamie L., Humam M. Khan, Ava Franklin, Lukasz Myc, and Yun Michael Shim. 2025. "Hyperpolarized Xenon-129 MRI: Narrative Review of Clinical Studies, Testing, and Implementation of Advanced Pulmonary In Vivo Imaging and Its Diagnostic Applications" Diagnostics 15, no. 4: 474. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15040474

APA Style

MacLeod, J. L., Khan, H. M., Franklin, A., Myc, L., & Shim, Y. M. (2025). Hyperpolarized Xenon-129 MRI: Narrative Review of Clinical Studies, Testing, and Implementation of Advanced Pulmonary In Vivo Imaging and Its Diagnostic Applications. Diagnostics, 15(4), 474. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15040474

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